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- W838096734 abstract "SCOPE Diminishing fossil fuel reserves and growing energy demand have led to an increased interest, as well as technological advances, in the renewable energy sector. In recent years, geotechnical engineering has experienced challenges associated with utilising shallow geothermal energy – the energy stored in the ground up to depths of 300 m (Banks, 2012) – as ground source energy systems are becoming increasingly popular. These geothermal systems are used to extract and/or inject heat from and into the ground by either directly abstracting water from an aquifer through a well and returning it through another well located at a distance (open-loop systems), or pumping a fluid through a system of pipes buried in the ground or placed in buildings’ foundations (closed-loop systems). Open-loop systems can provide a higher energy yield than closed-loop systems, however, they have a higher financial risk due to running costs and a higher environmental risk associated with possible groundwater pollution (Boennec, 2008). Spacing of the wells is a particularly important aspect of the design of open-loop systems. If the wells are too close, the thermal plume of cold or warm water from the rejection well may reach the abstraction well and reduce the efficiency of the system (Banks, 2012). This phenomenon is known as thermal breakthrough. To model highly convective geothermal problems, such as open-loop systems, it is necessary to adopt a formulation which couples groundwater flow and heat transfer. Numerical methods, including finite difference methods (e.g. Clauser, 2003) and finite element methods (e.g. Diersch, 2014), are used to obtain solutions to this complex formulation. Recently, the Imperial College Finite Element Program – ICFEP (Potts & Zdravkovic, 1999) has been updated to model fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of porous materials. This paper aims to explain some important aspects of numerical modelling of highly convective geotechnical problems. Firstly, the coupled thermo-hydraulic formulation implemented in ICFEP is validated and the need for the newly developed thermo-hydraulic coupled boundary condition is illustrated. Secondly, studies on the behaviour of numerical solutions to highly convective problems are presented. Lastly, the new capabilities are tested in a boundary value problem involving an openloop ground source energy system." @default.
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- W838096734 date "2015-06-02" @default.
- W838096734 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W838096734 title "Investigations on numerical analysis of coupled thermo-hydraulic problems in geotechnical engineering" @default.
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