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• W840522795 abstract "New York City's criminal courts, and those in the Bronx especially, are in crisis. Following the institution of Broken Windows policing in the mid-nineties, New York City courts have been flooded with misdemeanor cases, preventing the timely administration of justice. The outsized delay that now regularly accompanies misdemeanor cases in the New York City criminal justice system creates grave consequences for defendants and for society as a whole. This Note argues that a major source of the delay in the adjudication of misdemeanors is New York's speedy trial statute, CPL 30.30, and the New York Court of Appeals' decisions interpreting it. In contrast to the statutory approach of the federal government and other states, New York calculates speedy trial time from the prosecution's declaration of trial readiness rather than from when the defendant's case is actually heard. As a result, the speedy trial clock is often stalled for months while the defendant awaits trial. This Note suggests that by adopting a true speedy trial rule and excluding routine court congestion as a permissible source of delay, while also reviving the constitutional right for misdemeanor cases, the promise of speedy trials can be restored to New York's criminal courts.I. Introduction: Three DefendantsMichailon Rue, a 40-year old Iraq War veteran and resident of the Bronx, was arrested for possession of marijuana in August of 2011.1 He rejected a series of plea deals offered by the Bronx dis- trict attorney's office and maintained his innocence.2 Yet Rue was never granted a trial. Rather, after Rue waited fifteen months and made seven appearances in court, the prosecution acknowledged that the case had expired under New York's Speedy Trial Statute3 and the judge perfunctorily dismissed it.4Diego Melendez works at a Bronx meat market and is a father of three.5 He was frisked by the police and arrested after they found the stub of a marijuana cigarette in his pocket,6 claiming it was in public view.7 Like Rue, Melendez was determined to fight his case but was forced to come to court eight times over the course of a year without standing trial.8 Finally, when the prosecutors stated they were unable to make their case because of the arresting officer's absence, the judge refused to allow any additional delay and the charges were quietly dropped.9Finally, Angel Cardona, a seventeen-year old high school student from the Bronx Soundview neighborhood, was arrested for possession of marijuana while awaiting a bus in the summer of 2011.10 The arresting officer claimed he saw Cardona smoking on the sidewalk.11 Cardona also set out to take his case to trial, but was forced to endure multiple court dates and more than a year of delay without the opportunity to be fully heard in trial.12 At his fifth appearance in court, facing the prospect of another twomonth delay, Cardona's patience finally ran out - 392 days after his initial arrest, he pleaded guilty to a violation for disorderly conduct.13This situation - three defendants, three misdemeanor drug arrests, and no trials even after lengthy delay - is hardly unusual in the New York City criminal justice system.14 Although Rue and Melendez's cases were dismissed, either at the prosecution's own volition or at the insistence of the judge, and Cardona gave up the fight and took a plea, all three of these men were subject to the interminable delays which are now the norm for New York City defendants awaiting trial.15This Note examines the inability of New York City courts to deliver on the Constitution's guarantee of a right to a speedy trial for misdemeanor defendants like Rue, Melendez, and Cardona.16 Part II provides an overview of the problem, discussing its scope and consequences for defendants, the public, and the criminal justice system. Part III describes sources of the speedy trial problem other than CPL 30.30, New York's speedy trial statute, which is explained in detail in the following section. …" @default.
• W840522795 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W840522795 creator A5057095378 @default.
• W840522795 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W840522795 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W840522795 title "A Broken Clock: Fixing New York's Speedy Trial Statute" @default.
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