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• W840783517 abstract "[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * Tax practitioners are frequently involved in matters that may require referral to legal counsel. * When these situations occur, it is essential that the practitioners recognize them in time. * Ten of these situations in particular may require practitioners to end communications and bring in legal counsel. * Several of these situations involve the potential for liability, which is perhaps the most obvious development requiring legal advice. * Some of these situations do not invoke liability but nonetheless call for legal expertise rather than the skills CPAs bring. In a number of situations, a CPA handling a tax matter should immediately stop work and bring in tax litigation counsel. These timeout situations typically occur when the CPA is concerned that the matter will go criminal, the matter requires knowledge of the rules of civil discovery and evidence that apply to possible court proceedings, or the matter requires knowledge of nontax administrative law. The presence of these factors, as well as a few other factors, makes it unduly risky for a tax accountant to proceed without the participation of well-qualified tax litigation counsel. This article sets out a timeout list to assist in identifying these situations. Timeout situation No. 1: Any time a client has failed to file tax returns or a FinCEN Form 114, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR) (filed electronically), has willfully made false statements on a filed document, or has evaded tax, a tax accountant should call timeout. Willfully failing to file, making a false statement, and evading tax are offenses, and no privilege protects an accountant's conversations with a client in a matter. CPAs need to end these conversations immediately so that no potentially incriminating testimony not protected by the attorney-client privilege is created. A limited statutory privilege, under Sec. 7525, protects tax advice communications between a tax practitioner and a client. That privilege, known as the authorized tax practitioner or Sec. 7525 privilege, applies only in noncriminal tax matters before the IRS and in federal court. Notably, this privilege does not apply in state court. It also does not apply to any nontax proceeding, or to participation in a tax shelter as defined in Sec. 6662(d)(2)(C)(ii). Moreover, the privilege is recognized only if a privilege would obtain if an attorney were standing in the shoes of the CPA (or other federally authorized tax practitioner) making or receiving the communication. Accordingly, CPAs should be careful not to communicate with a tax client in a matter that has the potential to go criminal or that might qualify as a tax shelter. Instead, tax litigation counsel should be brought in, so that conversations with the client are protected by the attorney-client privilege, which applies to some matters that are not protected by Sec. 7525. Timeout situation No. 2: This situation is related to the first: A tax accountant should never respond to an IRS investigation on behalf of a client who is worried about prosecution. The response may be incriminating, and that is bad enough. But it gets worse: A response can trigger an effort by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) or the IRS to show that the response was a matter of Fifth Amendment rights under the sword and shield doctrine. Under this doctrine, a litigant cannot claim a privilege for information he or she is using as part of a legal defense. The subject matter waiver is worrisome because determining what is within, and what is outside, the subject matter of the waiver is often uncertain and debatable. Moreover, interacting with a investigator creates a risk that the interaction will subsequently be portrayed as part of a cover-up. …" @default.
• W840783517 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W840783517 date "2015-04-01" @default.
• W840783517 modified "2023-09-22" @default.
• W840783517 title "10 Situations When a CPA Should Call Timeout: Tax Accountants Need to Know When to Call in Legal Counsel" @default.
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