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- W846673063 abstract "Mutikainen, Sara Genetic and environmental effects on resting electrocardiography and the association between electrocardiography and physical activity, walking endurance and mortality in older people Jyvaskyla: University of Jyvaskyla, 2010, p. (Studies in Sport, Physical Education and Health ISSN 0356-1070; 159) ISBN 978-951-39-4153-6 (PDF), 978-951-39-4125-3 (nid.) Finnish summary Diss. The purpose of this study was, first, to examine genetic and environmental effects on resting electrocardiographic (ECG) variables in older people, and, second, to examine the associations between resting ECG variables and long-term physical activity, walking endurance and allcause mortality. Two twin data sets were used, both drawn from the Finnish Twin Cohort. The subjects for the Finnish Twin Study on Aging were recruited on the basis of age and zygosity, and comprised 86 monozygotic and 91 dizygotic female twin pairs, aged 63-76 years. The subjects for the TWINACTIVE study were recruited on the basis of long-term (32 years) discordance for leisure time physical activity and comprised 5 monozygotic and 7 dizygotic female and male twin pairs, aged 50-67 years. Resting ECG recordings were obtained from each subject. Walking endurance was assessed using the six-minute walking test (6MWT) and mortality data were obtained from the official register. The statistical analyses included quantitative genetic modelling, within-pair analyses and individual-based analyses. Most of the resting ECG variables were moderately to highly (32-72%) affected by genetic factors. The effect of genetic factors was especially strong for T wave amplitudes, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) indices and resting heart rate. The remaining variation (28100%) was explained by environmental factors. The genetic correlation between ECG LVH and the repolarisation phase (T wave amplitudes) was very high (-0.93), suggesting that, to a large extent, the same genes operate in both cases, while the low environmental correlation (-0.05) suggested that mainly distinct environmental factors affect these two traits. Within-pair analyses showed that the principal adaptation to long-term physical activity is lowering of resting heart rate. The active co-twins had 8.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-16.4) beats per minute (bpm) lower resting heart rate than their inactive co-twins. In the individual-based analyses, resting ECG variables explained 0-11% of the variation in walking endurance. The best predictors of better walking endurance (longer walking distance in the 6MWT) were high T wave amplitudes and low LVH indices. Resting heart rate had the strongest association with all-cause mortality. Subjects in the highest tertile ( 73 bpm) had over twofold risk for death (age-, physical activityand beta-blocker–adjusted hazard ratio 2.48, 95% CI 0.95-6.44) compared with subjects in the lowest tertile ( 62 bpm). Within-pair analyses gave similar results both for walking endurance and all-cause mortality. The results suggest that both genetic and environmental factors are important in explaining the variation in resting ECG variables in old age. Long-term physical activity may be one of the environmental factors explaining the variation. The main adaptation to long-term physical activity, when genetic liability was controlled for, was lowering of resting heart rate. This is an important adaptation from the public health perspective, since high resting heart rate is associated with increased risk for death. The role of resting heart rate and the other resting ECG variables as predictors of walking endurance, however, is relatively small." @default.
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- W846673063 title "Genetic and environmental effects on resting electrocardiography and the association between electrocardiography and physical activity, walking endurance and mortality in older people" @default.
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