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• W847962154 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION The Supreme Court's decisions in District of Columbia v. Heller (1) and McDonald v. City of Chicago (2) settled several important controversies concerning Second Amendment right to keep and bear (3) They left many vital unanswered. Struggling with these unresolved issues, lower courts have produced a large and continually growing volume of decisions about Second Amendment in recent years. In an article published in 2012, I described a surprising trend in lower court decisions. (4) Justice Antonin Scalia's majority opinion in Heller heavily emphasized investigation of original meaning and traditional understandings of right to keep and bear arms. (5) The Heller majority also viewed right in categorical terms, suggesting that courts should try to clearly demarcate types of guns, people, and activities protected by Second Amendment. (6) While attempting to follow Supreme Court's lead, lower courts nevertheless drifted away from such a rigidly and categorical approach. They instead favored a more flexible, pragmatic sort of analysis, enabling them to weigh burdens imposed by legal limits on firearms against public policy concerns motivating such restrictions. (7) The emerging consensus in lower courts was that constitutional challenges to gun laws should be evaluated under an intermediate scrutiny approach that was highly deferential to legislative determinations and [resulted in] all but most drastic restrictions on guns being upheld. (8) Historical analysis had taken a backseat to consideration of contemporary public policy implications. (9) I argued that this result was both inevitable and commendable. It was an unavoidable result of fact that historical inquiries are extremely difficult and do not produce determinate answers to types of detailed questions raised by array of constitutional challenges being brought against a wide variety of gun laws. (10) The courts' cautious, sensible approach to these challenges deserved praise for giving appropriate deference to legislative decisions, respecting wide variation in attitudes toward and experience with guns in different parts of country, and being consistent with American public's general consensus that right to keep and bear arms should not preclude strong legal regulation of possession and use of guns. (11) Moreover, lower courts' approach had the simple virtue of being candid, because it allowed judges to be honest and open about policy calculus underlying their decisions, rather than pretending that analysis alone dictated outcome of cases. (12) Gun rights advocates essentially agreed with that assessment of lower courts' approach, although they strongly condemned phenomenon rather than praising it. (13) They have begged Supreme Court to take another step into Second Amendment fray in order to provide additional guidance to rectify lower courts' widespread, determined resistance to enforcing enumerated, fundamental constitutional right to keep and bear arms. (14) To date, they have been unsuccessful, as Supreme Court has denied certiorari petitions in a string of cases concerning right to keep and bear (15) This Article provides an updated look at ongoing battle over Second Amendment in lower courts. To some extent, situation is much same as it was when I last surveyed this field in 2012. (16) Judges have generally continued to apply a form of intermediate scrutiny that is very deferential to reasonable legislative determinations about what restrictions on guns address legitimate public safety concerns. (17) At same time, they have moved toward integrating more analysis into their approach to Second Amendment issues. (18) History often will not provide any clear answers to modern Second Amendment questions, but courts are increasingly making efforts to glean whatever insight may be drawn from reflection. …" @default.
• W847962154 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W847962154 date "2014-12-22" @default.
• W847962154 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W847962154 title "The Continuing Battle over the Second Amendment" @default.
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