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- W85174792 abstract "The modeling of coupled processes of plant transpiration and photosynthesis together with soil moisture dynamics and morphology evolution is of key importance to study the fate of coastal areas, characterized by shallow waters and complex hydraulic regimes which regulate the sediment budget and salinity.In this study, a novel approach to physically-based models which deal with water potential gradients is presented, based on plant stomatal optimization which aims to increase photosynthesis and minimize transpiration, for a cost parameter which depends on the local soil moisture. Such an approach allows to model hydraulic lift - that is water redistribution exerted by roots from wet to dry soil zones. Future possible scenarios of climate change, with increased values of ambient CO2 concentration and air temperature, are explored in order to investigate the effects on plant adaptation.Being salinity a stress factor in coastal areas, inhibiting photosynthesis both in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plants, a small-scale model for stomatal conductance is proposed. The optimality model here is revised to include the mesophyll conductance and its dependence on water salinity. The optimization problem of adjusting stomatal aperture for maximizing carbon gain at a given water loss is solved for both a non-linear and a linear biochemical demand function. The approaches here successfully describe gas-exchange measurements reported for olive trees (Olea europea L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) in fresh water and in salt stressed conditions. From the results obtained, the photosynthetic capacity of the plant is directly reduced by 30-40% under salt stress conditions. Hence, reductions in photosynthetic rates observed under increased salt stress are not only due to a limitation of CO2 diffusion, but also caused by a direct salinity effect on the metabolic apparatus of the plant. An increase in salt stress causes also an increase in the cost of water parameter (or marginal water use efficiency) exceeding 100%.At a large scale, the effect of vegetation on sediment resuspension has been studied with application to coastal shallow waters by use of remote sensing and mathematical modeling in order to retrieve suspended sediment concentration maps. A simplified radiative transfer model has been applied to retrieve information from multispectral data from different sensors (LANDSAT, ASTER and ALOS AVNIR). Both the radiative transfer and the sediment transport models have been calibrated and validated with observations from a network of turbidity sensors in the Venice lagoon and the comparison of the suspended particulate matter (SPM) maps produced by satellite images and modelling allows to identify the magnitude of the stabilizing effect of benthic vegetation." @default.
- W85174792 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W85174792 date "2012-01-31" @default.
- W85174792 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W85174792 title "On Some Ecohydrological Interactions in Coastal Environments" @default.
- W85174792 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
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