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• W852927192 abstract "Introduction Science and Faith: The Great Matter was the title of the Oxford Round Table on July 2328, 2006. The participants were a group of scientists, philosophers, theologians, science educators and highly decorated high school science teachers. Many understandings and conclusions emerged from our presentations and discussions. For example, some suggested that we avoid the controversy associated with evolution and special creation. Some suggested that we confront the controversy. Our data from the Round Table show that our audiences misunderstand or hold incomplete understandings of evolution and special creation, often referred to as intelligent design (ID) today. As educators representing elementary school through college, our audiences are children, adolescents, college students and other adults; we know from experience and research (Round Table Proceedings, in press) that most of our students do not understand evolution or special creation. Also, we are unconvinced that a single course devoted to evolution, or separate studies devoted to special creation, will result in understandings of either, let alone the associated controversy raging (in the United States). Evolution and special creation are complex, formal, abstract concepts soundly understood by few. Furthermore, trying to reconcile a union between the factually based theory of evolution and the biblical presentations of special creation is difficult and unlikely. So, do we confront the controversy and if so, how? Following are: a) a description of evolution and the controversy from scientists' perspectives, b) a description of special creation, intelligent design and the controversy from a creationist's perspective, and c) what should be included and excluded in school science curriculum from a science teacher's perspective. Evolution and the Controversy The theory of evolution is an explanatory model incorporating theoretical, mathematical, and factual evidence into a coherent explanation of variability within and among populations. The theory consists of a pattern (evolution) and the processes (natural selection, genetic drift, gene transfer, and mutation) by which the pattern occurs. Evolution, which is change in the form of individuals over many generations, is the temporal pattern that definitely occurs; it is factual evidence. Natural selection is the process, from one generation to the next, by which organisms best adapted to the environment increase in number compared to less well-adapted organisms (Freeman & Herron, 2004). Genetic drift, gene transfer, and mutation provide the genetic variation that may or may not result in a beneficial adaptation. The theory of evolution incorporates the patterns and processes identified by observation and experimentation into a single scientific theory. But what is a scientific theory? A scientific theory is a proposed explanation of some natural occurrence that has survived rigorous scientific testing without being refuted. A good theory must a) unite a wide range of observations into a single explanatory framework, b) produce predictions of future observations and c) be testable and potentially refutable (Popper, 1965; Kneller, 1978). For almost 150 years, evolution has met the criteria of a scientific theory. It is considered the unifying theory of the life sciences, for it brings together a wide array of observations into an explanatory framework (Freeman & Herron, 2004). Evolutionary theory has produced testable predictions of future observations. Numerous discoveries and advances in applied fields, such as medicine, agriculture, energy and resource exploration, and conservation biology, result directly from applications of evolutionary theory. Much of our current technology would not have occurred without the theory of evolution, for example, the development of improved agricultural crops and pesticides, and advances in treatment of diseases such as AIDS. …" @default.
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• W852927192 date "2007-06-22" @default.
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• W852927192 title "Why We Shouldn't 'Teach the Controversy' in Science" @default.
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