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- W85311275 abstract "This chapter focuses on the bacterial and viral infections and their infestation on the central nervous system. Meningitis must be distinguished from subarachnoid hemorrhage and meningism. The most effective drugs in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis meningitis are isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethionamide. In Asian patients, tuberculous meningitis may present as a more chronic disorder and often causes multiple cranial nerve palsies and progressive visual failure caused by arachnoiditis. Brain abscess can be treated with antibiotics and surgical drainage by repeated needle aspiration or primary excision. There is a high incidence of epilepsy after treatment, and a case can be made for prophylactic anticonvulsants. Other systemic bacterial infections that involve the nervous system include tetanus, leptospirosis, diphtheria, enteric fever, botulism, syphilis, and leprosy—Hansen's disease. The effect of virus on the nervous system is closely related to immunity responses, and in some instances, an allergic type of reaction may be the dominant part of the illness. Vaccination is an effective method of inducing active immunity, and in the case of rabies, it can be used after the infection has been acquired. Antiviral drugs act by interfering with the synthesis of DNA or RNA. Three drugs, namely cytarabin, vidarabine, and acyclovir, are widely used in infections of the nervous system. Encephalitis of viral origin must be distinguished from bacterial infection such as tuberculosis, brain abscess, hemiplegic migraine, toxic effects as a result of drugs and poisons such as lead in children, and metabolic disorders such as liver failure and porphyria." @default.
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- W85311275 date "1985-01-01" @default.
- W85311275 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W85311275 title "Infections and infestations" @default.
- W85311275 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-407-00310-1.50023-3" @default.
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