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• W853291763 abstract "(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)I. INTRODUCTIONIn July 2013, China's former Railways Minister, Liu Zhijun, was given suspended death sentence for corruption and abuse of power, including accepting bribes totaling more than USD 10 million over twenty- five years in exchange for government rail contracts. 1 The high-speed railway network under Liu Zhijun's purview experienced numerous safety scandals involving series of accidents. 2 In July 2011, train crash in Wenzhou killed forty people due to design flaws and lax security standards.3 This scandal is merely one example in pattern of corruption stemming from China's transition into market economy in the 1980s, which increased the typical citizen's standard of living and granted local officials an enormous amount of power that many exploited for financial gain.4 Since then, China has been plagued with abuses of power hundreds of officials at high levels of government, including provincial vice-governor and vice- minister.5 Between December 2012 and June 2013, almost 2,300 officials have been penalized for graft and wasteful spending. 6 As the most high profile official to be found guilty of corruption under Xi Jinping's administration, Liu's conviction coincides with Xi Jinping's pledge to crack down on corruption, taking on the powerful 'tigers' at the top to the 'flies' at the bottom of the Communist Party.7 Indeed, Liu Zhijun's indictment alleged that his negligence led to huge losses of public assets as well as damage to state and citizen interests.8 Although the law permitted death penalty sentence for extreme corruption, 9 the court showed Liu Zhijun mercy in issuing suspended death sentence because those are generally commuted to life imprisonment.10 Liu Zhijun's suspended death sentence is merely one example of trend where Chinese courts take a different approach in sentencing corrupt government officials compared with the general population.11China's leniency towards corrupt government officials stands in stark contrast with the vast amount of people executed in general. Although the Chinese government classifies the full scope of its death penalty usage as state secret, even official statistics chronicle increasing numbers of executions throughout the 1990s. 12 This trend has continued into the twenty-first century; since at least 2005, China has had the most confirmed executions in the world.13 Amnesty International reported that China likely executed between 1000 to 2000 people year between 2005 and 2013, but because death penalty figures are state secret the total number may be much higher.14 In March 2004, Chinese media published an unofficial report finding that the courts sentence 10,000 people to death every year in China, not including people sentenced to death with two-year suspensions.15 The Dui Hua Foundation 16 estimated that China executed as many as 12,000 people in 2002, 8000 people in 2005, 6500 people in 2007, 4000 people in 2012,17 and 3000 people in 2013.18 In contrast, Iran-the country with the second greatest number of executions between 2005 and 2013-executed at most around 388 people year. 19 Additionally, while the United States executed total of 1373 people since 1976,20 official statistics reveal that China executed 6100 people in 1996 alone. 21China continues to execute large numbers of criminals because of the longstanding belief that the death penalty serves as an effective deterrent to crime. 22 In fact, common sayings include executing one deters one hundred23 and chicken to scare the monkey.24 Not only do most Chinese citizens believe that the death penalty carries strong educational value, but the government utilizes the death penalty as matter of public policy.25 Judicial officials often defend China's usage of the death penalty stating that the nation is at stage of development where the death penalty is necessary as deterrent.26 For example, one Chinese high court official said that deterrence is the goal because by killing one, we educate one hundred. …" @default.
• W853291763 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W853291763 date "2014-06-01" @default.
• W853291763 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W853291763 title "Killing a Chicken to Scare the Monkey: The Unequal Administration of Death in China" @default.
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