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• W857062079 abstract "The development strategies of national parks and buffer zone have addressed to forest enhancement, grassland management, wetland and water bodies restoration, ways and means of wildlife population growth, habitat of aquatic and migratory birds, land use ecosystem, tourism sustainability, demographic distribution, and economic rising. The nine national parks, three wildlife reserve, one hunting reserve and three conservation areas together cover 24,200 sq km Correspondence/Reprint request: Dr. S. K. Shah, International Nature Farming Research Center, 5632 Hata Nagano 390-1401 Japan S. K. Shah et al. 104 or 16.4% of the countries total area. Since 1993, government has adopted a “Buffer zone concept” backed by legal provisions through the fourth amendment of national park and wildlife conservation act 1973. Between 1996 and 1998, buffer zone of five national parks and three wildlife reserves in the country were delineated covering a total area of 3,778 sq km while the total area of the corresponding parks or reserves is 14,023 sq km. The demographic pressure at about 640,000 people in 2000, production and consumption around the buffer zone increased ecological stress whereabouts environment act for sustainable growth of flora and fauna to enhance and measures for future generation and demand driven capacity. Protection and restoration began in early 1960s at much lower scale. The review of amendment in national park and wildlife conservation (NPWC) act, 1973, 1974, 1982, KMTNC act 1982, and regulation of parks has made clear and concise idea to make framework for policy. The acts focusing on arrangements for national parks, protection of wildlife and their habitat, regulate hunting, conservation and development, and make proper arrangements for use of places of special importance from view point of natural beauty, in order to maintain etiquette and welfare of common public. Buffer zone management regulations have made provisions to form user committee in each buffer zone sector to carryout conservation, development and management of forest products in the designated buffer zone area. Buffer zone development council (BZDC) is made responsible to mobilize park reserves share 30% to 50% of revenues earn from parks or reserves, for buffer zone development programme implemented through “User Groups and User Committees.” Social versus natural resources are to be made supply of production dynamics. Income enrolment of parks and tourism to user of buffer zone are able to safeguard of forests, natural resources as an equity share. The major activities prioritized are wildlife conservation, natural forest management, buffer zone forest development, plantation in community and private forest, diversity in agriculture and forestry, multipurpose nursery, soil and water conservation, grassland management, alternate energy development. The plan should also include management system for forest products collection and its distribution sale or free of cost. Activities on priority based are conservation education in schools, conservation awareness and related material distribution, field visits, cultural resource conservation and non-formal education. Human pressure is resolving that in consultation with those local communities. The park management plans will address ‘management zone’ within the park and protected area on the basic of nature and level of accepted human activity. The use and management of forests, national parks, natural resources of better approach to raise user’s living standard, poverty reduction, confidence building to reduce demography pressure, and save the nature to make better home. Wildlife population to protected area has considerable increased, for exceeding the carrying Policy analysis, conservation and development of buffer zones 105 capacity. Protection measures are strictly implemented whereas very little or not any substantial efforts have been made to improve the biological condition and productivity of natural resources. Policy reforms and strategies guidelines related to community participation in buffer zone conservation and development, and benefits sharing have followed dynamic processes addressing the emerging needs and they are still being modified." @default.
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• W857062079 date "2006-01-01" @default.
• W857062079 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W857062079 title "Policy analysis, conservation and development of buffer zones." @default.
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