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- W857550897 abstract "UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report (2009) Penultimate Lengthening in Bantu: Analysis and Spread Larry M. Hyman University of California, Berkeley (Presented at the Third Conference on Bantu Linguistics, Tervuren, March 25-27, 2009) Introduction The topic of this paper is the process of penultimate lengthening, which, although widespread over much of the Bantu zone, and often cited, has not received serious comparative analysis. In §2 I first provide an overview of penultimate lengthening in Bantu, followed by discussion in §3. I then turn in §4 to the near-complementary process of pre-(ante)penultimate shortening, also widely attested in Bantu. Having documented both phenomena and considered their possible historical relation, I conclude in §5 with some diachronic and typological observations. Bantu penultimate lengthening: an overview Many Bantu languages have been reported to have penultimate prominence of one sort or another, often called “accent” or “stress”. The most commonly observed effect is penultimate lengthening (henceforth, PL) of the vowel: “En regle generale, l’accent dynamique tombe sur la syllabe penultieme et s’accompagne d’allongement de la voyelle.” (Van Bulck 1952:859) “Cet accent tombe, dans plusieurs langues bantoues, sur la penultieme et s’accompagne d’un allongement de la voyelle....” (Burssens 1954:46) “Stress in Nguni is normally the penultimate syllable which is also normally long....” (Doke 1967:94) Typical examples are provided from Shona in (1), which show predictable penultimate lengthening realized on different morphemes as causative and appicative suffixes are added: ku-se:k-a ku-sek-e:s-a ku-sek-e:r-a ku-sek-es-e:r-a ‘to laugh’ ‘to cause to laugh’ ‘to laugh at’ ‘to cause to laugh at’ While the Shona forms are highly representative of a number of Eastern and Southern Bantu languages (see below), descriptions of other languages contain no mention of length, or the role of length is downplayed: “The stress in Lamba is normally on the penultimate syllable of each word, and in this way is to a great extent the determining factor in word-division.... Unlike Zulu the penultimate stress is not of necessity accompanied by length. Penultimate length is merely incidental in Lamba.” (Doke 1938:33)" @default.
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- W857550897 date "2009-01-01" @default.
- W857550897 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
- W857550897 title "Penultimate Lengthening in Bantu: Analysis and Spread" @default.
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- W857550897 doi "https://doi.org/10.5070/p73q00m84d" @default.
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