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• W8581112 abstract "The revolutions of 1989 that swept through Eastern Europe wrought changes that could not be contained by national borders. Their meaning is still being investigated and barely understood even now.(1) What was thought be certain could no longer be taken for granted as each gain of revolutionaries, and consequent loss of communists, reshaped political and social order of Europe. The legacies of 1956, 1968 and 1981 led directly revolutions, which were primarily a reaction four decades (or more) of oppressive authoritarian rule that left little, if any, room for social interaction within civil society. This has led some observers (especially those with conservative tendencies) proclaim death of communism. This judgment may, however, be premature considering that many formerly communist parties have not only successfully transformed themselves, but also remained quite popular, as evidenced by electoral victories in several countries. The revolutions and subsequent transitions democracy presented many difficulties for these countries.(2) Prior revolutions of 1989 there was a clear distinction between us of opposition and them of repressive communist state. That division has been erased but lives on in popular imagination and in police files, creating new divisions between us and them among ranks of former opposition. One analyst, speaking of Poland but a situation which obtained in all of East Europe, recognized that the largest potential obstruction kind of reforms needed for a genuine renewal are 900,000 communists who hold country's most important managerial positions.(3) The question of what do about vast number of population who were actively communist (or at least procommunist) was confronted in each country. One answer has been lustration. What is lustration? Whom does it serve? What is impulse behind it? What are different perspectives from which people perceive process? What are alternatives lustration? These are some of questions that arise when examining recent past in East Europe. This article will attempt answer these and other questions by taking a look at phenomenon in Eastern Europe in general, and more closely in Bulgaria and Poland. The word lustration means to purify by ritual sacrifice. In post-revolutionary Eastern Europe use of word arose first in Czechoslovakia. The Czech word lustrace was revived describe process of weeding out members of old nomenklatura and their agents and collaborators. This purification ritual could also be called political cleansing. The lustration process has implications for a broader range of political situations than those exhibited in post-communist states. In fact, in any revolutionary transfer of state power opportunity arises for undertaking some form of lustration against human agents of old order. Bulgaria and Poland present two very different approaches question of governmental composition in post-communist states, while at same time, exhibiting some of common features of lustration. How these nations went about examining and dealing with their pasts in order build future is essence of revolutionary transition. The course of post-revolutionary purges spread throughout Eastern Europe, beginning with opening of Stasi (Staats Sicherheitsdienst) files in East Germany, followed by passage of Czechoslovakian lustration law and Macierewicz episode in Poland. Lustration in former East Germany and Czechoslovakia set stage for course of events in other countries of bloc. In some instances there were sinister motives behind drive for purges, which were notable for their hysteria. Most often call for purges came not from formerly persecuted but from those who sat it out, not dissident but acquiescent. …" @default.
• W8581112 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W8581112 date "1994-12-22" @default.
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• W8581112 title "Lustration and the Transition to Democracy: The Cases of Poland and Bulgaria" @default.
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