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- W86732643 abstract "THE OTHER FOUNDERS: ANTI-FEDERALISM AND THE DISSENTING TRADITION IN AMERICA, 1788-1828. By Saul Cornell.^ Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1999. Pp. x, 327. $55.00 (cloth); $19.95 (paper.)^^ I. Introduction In 1955, during age of consensus history, Cecelia Kenyon dubbed antifederalists1--the opponents of Constitution--men of little faith.2 Kenyon described such antifederalist leaders as Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts, George Clinton of New York, and Patrick Henry of Virginia as local power-brokers, afraid of losing their influence and prestige to a strong national government. They were parochial in their ideology and limited in their vision of new American nation. This remained accepted view of antifederalists until about twenty years ago.3 Since then, as Saul Cornell notes, antifederalists have been rehabilitated.4 Their importance as founders is now better appreciated and Cornell argues that the scholarly dismissal of antifederalists has been supplanted by more positive assessments of their contributions to American political tradition.5 Cornell enthusiastically endorses this trend, claiming that antifederalists have come to be seen as spokesmen for an important alternative constitutional heritage.6 In response to critics like Kenyon, Cornell argues that antifederalists did not lack the intellectual power to challenge their Federalist opponents.7 On contrary, he demonstrates that many were sophisticated authors8 who sometimes offered powerful critiques on claims of federalists. Yet, despite eloquence of some opponents of Constitution, antifederalists were an inchoate, amorphous collection of politicians and anti-politicians who agreed with each other on almost nothing, except that they did not like proposed Constitution. Even in their fundamental opposition to Constitution antifederalists could not fully agree. Most opposed ratification of proposed Constitution, but some were willing to accept it with amendments.9 Generally, they feared creation of a strong national government, claimed to want explicit written limitations on national government, and continued to place their faith in a federal system in which states would be primary units of political organization and contain bulk of political authority.10 But on specific issues, antifederalists disagreed among themselves on which aspects of Constitution were dangerous to liberty. Cornell understands that [i]f all Anti-Federalist texts are weighed equally, din of different voices does seem cacophonous.11 To avoid this problem, he has traced most influential antifederalist authors, studying who was most often quoted and reprinted, and trying to determine which antifederalists commanded respect of their comrades and opponents alike. Cornell admits that various antifederalist writers[p]lanter aristocrats, middling politicians and backcountry farmers12-- often had little in common, because they travelled in different social circles. Cornell argues that texts they wrote and read provided common bond in their opposition to Constitution.13 Despite antifederalists' internal disagreements, Cornell has written a coherent and complex analysis of antifederalist thought. He is clearly sympathetic to their ideas and their vision. Cornell has added immeasurably to debate over place of antifederalists in American constitutional development. He may be best advocate that antifederalists have had since George Mason and Elbridge Gerry refused to sign Constitution in September 1787. Indeed, Cornell may be a better advocate for antifederalists than they were for themselves. In Part I of his book, Cornell explores various types of antifederalist texts and styles of antifederalist rhetoric, illuminating class differences among antifederalists that other scholars have ignored. …" @default.
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- W86732643 date "2001-03-01" @default.
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- W86732643 title "Turning Losers into Winners: What Can We Learn, If Anything, from the Antifederalists?" @default.
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