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• W869065429 abstract "AbstractAn attempt has been made in the present work to re-consider the terminology in the light of the recently discovered inscription unearthed at a shrine, mentioning the term vihara. Furthermore this paper also highlights the origin and stylistic development of in the light of different evidences, which can be observed in the sculptural art and as well as, in the structural form still existing in the monuments of the subcontinent. Besides, in the present study an attempt has been made to analyse the various architectural components of Balo-Kale Gumbat in order to reach the roots of its genesis. Similarly in the light of previous researches, as well as, on the basis of comparative analysis, an attempt shall be made to formulate a time frame for the Balo-Kale Gumbat vihara. The conclusions were drawn and recommendations were provided for future reference.IntroductionThe idea of as a worshipping place started during the life time of Buddha and was constructed at the different localities in India. In this regard, the erected at Jeta vana garden was of paramount importance in Buddhism. Later on, the donors erected thousands of in the Indian sub-continent for the propagation of Buddhism. During the life time of Buddha two types of establishments were constructed such as, a. and b. Sangharama. The former were erected for meditation purposes; however, later on venerated issues were also kept inside the for the sake of worship; on other hand, the latter were built for living purpose of the monks. The concept of stupa as a worshipping entity was adopted by the followers after the demise of Buddha. Thus, it appears that later on, stupa became the third important component of the establishments alongside the and Sa ngharama. These were not only practiced in the Indian territories, but were also adopted very successfully by the patrons of the Gandhara Valley.No doubt, the idea of cult has been derived from Indian traditions; however, this style reached to perfection in the Gandhara Valley; whereas, the relic shrine of Balo-Kale Gumbat in the Swat Valley seems to be a landmark in the of the Indian subcontinent. Thus, with the passage of time here in the Gandhara Valley, viharas were constructed alongside the stupa in order to accomplish the worshipping activities.In the present work focus shall be made to highlight the importance of vihara, which is indeed an ignored aspect of the architecture of Gandhara. Though several attempts have been made regarding the significance of the sculptural art of Gandhara, yet little importance is given to the architecture in particular. Therefore, the present researchers have selected this issue in order to solve the prevailing matter of contention, which is concerning to the etymology of the term vihara and its initiation as a meditating unit. Thus, focus shall also be made to find the roots of its genesis. Besides, an attempt shall also be made, to study the variation in the stylistic approach being adopted in the different regions of Gandhara and especially in the Swat Valley.NomenclatureIt is significant to pinpoint, that Grunwedel analyses different terminologies, used for the relic shrines. He suggested that these were generally constructed to accommodate the venerated issues. Therefore, such type of buildings are also called as, the Buddhist temples. Similarly, these are also known as or chaity g/ha, which means a stupa inside a cell or a chamber, is also called as, caitya hall. However, in the textual sources the connotation of the above mentioned terms are alluding the different names of vihara however, these are denoting the same meaning (Grunwedel 1901: 20).In this context, some of the scholars have incorrectly defined the etymology of the term vihara such as, Alice Getty, Rowland, Harle, Knappart, Dani and Behrendt. …" @default.
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• W869065429 date "2013-12-01" @default.
• W869065429 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W869065429 title "An Analytical Study of the Balo-Kale Gumbat Vihara Kandak Valley (Swat): Its Nomenclature and Style of Architecture" @default.
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