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- W87209813 abstract "A literature survey has been conducted to support an experimental investigation of steam pretreatment of coal for improving liquid yields and quality in gasification processes. Experiments have so far shown pretreatment to be effective from 320 to 360/sup 0/C in 50 atm. steam. Information on thermal effects, steam reactivity, and phase equilibrium at temperatures and pressures which are relevant, but not restricted, to these conditions have been reviewed. Evidence for thermal activity below 350/sup 0/C comes from observation of softening and/or melting, acidity, volatiles loss, solvent extraction, differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, electron spin resonance, and mild oxidation reactions. Reaction of steam with shale oils at 425/sup 0/C and with coal and model compounds in the neighborhood of the critical point have been reported. Phase equilibrium data show complete mutual solubility of water and aromatic hydrocarbons at conditions approaching those of pretreatment. A few pretreatments reported for other processes are noted. A survey of studies of weathering is included for its possible relevance to the observed sensitivity of pretreated coal to ambient air exposure. These literature citations corroborate our experimental findings and offer possible explanations for pretreatment. To discriminate among these possibilities and to provide a more detailed picturemore » of the processes will require further experimental work. 85 refs.« less" @default.
- W87209813 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W87209813 date "1985-02-01" @default.
- W87209813 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W87209813 title "Literature review for steam pretreatment. [85 references]" @default.
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