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- W87474644 abstract "When cement is exposed to moist air, hydration and carbonation occur as reactions with the air's components. These reactions may alter the properties of the cement. In cement chemistry, hydration and carbonation are commonly referred to as aeration, and in the oil industry it is known as prehydration. The concept of aeration should not be confused with the physical injection of compressed air to facilitate the pneumatic transfer of bulk powder, also known as aeration in the oil industry. A major source of moisture during the pneumatic transfer of bulk powder between pressure vessels is the air compressor. A figure shows the amount of gaseous water in air at 1 atm pressure. From the graph, at 15/sup 0/C 80% relative humidity, and 1 atm, air contains 10 g of water/cu m (0.075 gal/Mcf). A transfer using this air would result in 10 kg (2.64 gal) of water being added to a 33-ton batch of bulk cement moved with the typical 1,000 cu m of compressed air. The effect of cooling compressed air to near ambient temperature during transfer is to condense some of the water into an aerosol of submicron droplets. There would be enough water available under these conditionsmore » to provide each cement particle of 10 ..mu.. average size with six droplets of water of 0.5 ..mu.. diameter. The remaining gas-phase water would also be available for adsorption. Samples of cement can also be mistreated during sampling, transit, and use or storage in the laboratory. A literature survey showed early strength reduction due to prehydration of Portland cements, but little influence on final strengths. No tests on well cements were found.« less" @default.
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- W87474644 date "1986-03-01" @default.
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- W87474644 title "Exposure to moisture alters well cement" @default.
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