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• W875514662 abstract "INTRODUCTION:Throughout history, both science and technology have been credited with increasing our life span and curing harmful and often times, terminal, diseases. For countless years, pharmaceutical companies have used this science and technology to manufacture and produce drugs that benefit the human population. It has long been the expectation that drug companies will continue to explore new means and discover new science to create new cures to horrible diseases.Recently, however, these companies have been challenged in new way, and the future of drug making is now more in question than ever before. In the last 10 to 15 years, pharmaceutical patents have been under fire, and many of these patents have even been disregarded or ignored.^sup1^ Obviously, this upsets the drug makers as their patents are the source of their profits, which as result have been decreased. With decreased profits comes less money for research, which in turn hinders the ability of pharmaceutical companies to create more lifesaving drugs. Pharmaceutical companies put lot of money into research and development, and their profits are often times put back into the drug they are releasing. Therefore, their profits are far more important than retail company or other business.The ethical issue lies in the fact that several of the countries whose inhabitants need these drugs are too poor to afford them. In the past, drug companies have worked with developing countries to aid in the pricing dilemma.^sup2^ Several drug companies have offered the drugs for much cheaper price to impoverished countries than fully developed countries. However, countries such as South Africa still claim that these prices have not been reduced enough, and that its citizens are unable to afford drugs that are needed to help control and prevent serious diseases such as HIV and Aids.^sup3^ In addition to this, several middle-income level countries such as China and India have started to use compulsory licensing to create generic drugs selling at much cheaper price to sell to their citizens. While this, in theory, sounds like great idea, they are violating the patents of the original manufactures of these drugs.^sup4^ This has caused immense tension between the governments of these countries and the pharmaceutical companies that own the drug patents.This issue has thus become an ongoing battle between the low-income to middleincome level countries and the drug companies that manufacture and patent their drugs, such as Merck and Pfizer, on what obligations the countries have of obeying the patents that have been set in place. Much of the issue lies in the international enforcement of pharmaceutical patents. While several policies and laws have been created to deal with this issue, there often seems to be loophole, such as compulsory licensing, that the governments of several countries find when justifying their disregard for the pharmaceutical patent. It remains to be seen which party will budge first, and there is definite possibility that the result could affect millions of people's lives worldwide.HISTORY:The Patent Act of 1952 explains what inventions or creations can actually be patented.^sup5^ The statute states that anyone who invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or any of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain patent therefore, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title.^sup6^ Most pharmaceutical patents, herby, fall under the category composition of matter as they are combining several elements and chemicals to create drug. In regards to patent infringement, the Act states a patentee shall have remedy by civil action for infringement of his patent.^sup7^While the Patent Act of 1952 did an adequate job of covering patent procedure and enforcement, it soon became clear that the drug industry would need their own set of rules, as the requirements were quite different than most other patents. …" @default.
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• W875514662 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W875514662 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W875514662 title "The Global Enforcement of Pharmaceutical Patents: An Ethical Dilemma" @default.
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