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• W8777739 abstract "Secondary contact zones are regions where genetically distinct populations overlap andnproduce hybrids, and they offer the potential for significant insights into the process ofnspeciation. The central Wet Tropics in north-east Queensland is a region where numerousnspecies have genetic lineages in secondary contact following the expansion of rainforest fromnhistorical (Pliocene and Pleistocene) refugia in the northern and southern Wet Tropics. One ofnthese species is the Green-eyed Tree Frog Litoria genimaculata, a medium-sized arboreal frognassociated with rainforest streams. The Wet Tropics populations of this species consist of andeeply divergent (13% CO1 mtDNA) northern and southern lineage currently in contact in thencentral Wet Tropics. This thesis presents a thorough analysis of the outcomes of historicalnisolation and secondary contact in this species and aims to elucidate the evolutionarynprocesses that have determined these outcomes.n n The northern (N) and southern (S) lineages of L. genimaculata overlap at two independentncontact zones in close proximity n one between the main ranges of N and S (contact A) andnthe other, 13 km to the north, where an isolated population of the southern lineage (termed iS)noccurs within the northern lineage area (contact B). The iS population is currentlyngeographically isolated from the genetically similar main range of the S lineage. Geneticnanalyses of the contact zones revealed that hybridization occurs between the two lineages innthe field, but it occurs significantly more frequently at contact A (estimate of 3.1-6.8%nhybrids) than at contact B (0-1.4%) and also over a broader area (approximately 6.0 kmnversus 0.6 km). Experimental crosses revealed asymmetric offspring viability between thenlineages, with crosses between southern females (S/iS) and N males failing in the early larvalnstage while the reciprocal crosses succeeded. This is supported by the genetic analyses, whichnfound that none of the potential hybrids carried S mtDNA.n n There are no morphological differences between the lineages where the main ranges meet atncontact A, but there is a significant difference in male call. However, females from thisncontact did not show a preference for either lineage when these calls were used in laboratory-basedntwo-choice call trials. In contrast, there is significant divergence in iS male (but notnfemale) body size and call from N at contact B, and mate choice trials revealed highlynsignificant premating isolation between the lineages at this contact. The genetic analysesnsupported these results in finding the frequency of hybridization to be significantly lower atncontact B than at contact A. No differences in ecology or behaviour were detected betweennthe lineages at either contact. The conclusion from these results is that the process of reinforcement (increase in premating isolation due to natural selection against hybridization)nhas resulted in speciation between the lineages at contact B but not at contact A.n n The larva of a Batrachomyia fly parasitise L. genimaculata and the potential impact ofnparasitism on contact zone dynamics was investigated. Infection prevalence was significantlynhigher in southern (S/iS) lineage L. genimaculata at the mixed lineage sites in both contactnzones, with the magnitude of this effect being similar at both contacts despite the phenotypicndivergence and reproductive isolation of iS males. No differential impact of parasitism onnhost body condition of either lineage, or on host body condition in general, was detected. Thisnsuggests that Batrachomyia parasitism has a limited impact on L. genimaculata contact zonendynamics. The rarity of both hybrids and Batrachomyia infection precluded testing for andifferential impact of parasitism on hybrid versus pure lineage frogs.n n The phenotypic divergence of iS from N due to reinforcement has, as a by-product, resulted innsignificant divergence in iS male call and body size from the main range of S. Mate choicentrials revealed that this call divergence results in highly significant premating isolationnbetween iS and S. This strongly suggests that speciation by reinforcement between iS and Nnat contact B has also resulted in speciation between iS and the genetically similar main rangenof S. This provides the first demonstration that reinforcement between lineages cannincidentally drive allopatric speciation within one of the lineages. Speciation of iS wasndeemed to be rapid given the estimated recency of secondary contact between the lineages,nand the genetic similarity between iS and S. The iS population is described as a new species,nwhile S and N are retained as a single species, L. genimaculata. The new species isnphenotypically distinct from both S and N based on call characteristics and small male bodynsize. This research highlights the limitations of phylogenetics in delimiting species andndemonstrates the value of an approach using multiple lines of data. The biology andnconservation of the new species are outlined. This research demonstrates the conservationnvalue of contact zones in maintaining the evolutionary potential of regions.n" @default.
• W8777739 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W8777739 creator A5064819230 @default.
• W8777739 date "2006-01-01" @default.
• W8777739 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W8777739 title "Evolution in a secondary contact zone between two lineages of the green-eyed tree frog Litoria genimaculata" @default.
• W8777739 hasPublicationYear "2006" @default.
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