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• W879200022 abstract "Escape from Blood Pond Hell: The Tales of Mulian and Woman Huang, translated and introduced by Beata Grant and Wilt L. Idema. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011. 368 pp. Hardcover, $70.00; paperback, $35.00.Escape from Blood Pond Hell: The Tales of Mulian and Woman Huang marks the second collaboration between Beata Grant and Wilt L. Idema, who together co-edited The Red Brush: Writing Women of Imperial China (Harvard East Asian Monographs 2004). The narratives of Mulian and Woman Huang continue The Red Brush's focus on women and literature and further place these within the realm of popular religion. Grant and Idema bring considerable expertise to these subjects: Grant has published extensively on women and religious literature, including several studies of the Woman Huang tale. Idema has translated an impressive corpus of popular literature from the late imperial period, including religiously themed tales such as Monks, Bandits, Lovers, and Immortals: Eleven Early Chinese Plays (Hackett 2010) and Personal Salvation and Filial Piety: Two Precious Scroll Narratives of Guanyin and Her Acolytes (Hawaii 2008). With Escape from Blood Pond Hell, Grant and Idema further expand the readership for popular Chinese literature by offering highly accessible translations of two tales about mothers in the Buddhist underworld.As the introduction notes, the tales of Mulian and Woman Huang developed over centuries in multiple genres and variations. The texts translated here are longer, later forms of narratives that first appear in the Tang (Mulian) and Song (Woman Huang) dynasties. The first is an 1876 version of the Precious Scroll of the Three Lives of Mulian (Mulian sanshi baojuan), and the second is the early-twentieth-century ballad Woman Huang Recites the Diamond Sutra (Huangshi nu dui Jingang). Both texts include sections of prose and verse that are preserved in the translations. This prosimetric structure reflects the texts' genres: both circulated as baojuan (precious scrolls) that were meant to be ritually performed (chapter 74 of the Jin ping mei recounts a nun's recitation of the Woman Huang baojuan).1 Grant and Idema explain the major transformations in these texts over time, their role in so-called sectarian religions of the late imperial period, as well as their regional developments and variations from other well-known versions. The introduction masterfully synthesizes scholarship on these tales, making the bibliography a valuable resource for embarking on further study of these texts and topics.The introduction also presents the two tales' common themes and explains their connection to the titular Blood Pond Hell, a Chinese creation that appears in Buddhist and Daoist texts. In the indigenous Blood Bowl Sutra, Mulian stumbles upon a bloody pond filled with women and learns that all mothers are condemned to suffer there because they offended the gods with the blood of childbirth. The Precious Scroll of the Three Lives of Mulian primarily recounts Mulian's journey to the underworld to save his wicked mother from the lowest hell, Avici, but devotes several pages to his mother's encounter with the Blood Pond (45-48). During Mulian's journey, he passes by another hell known as the Pond of Blood and Filth that contains both male and female sinners. In fact, several texts about the Blood Pond Hell include men among the sufferers, and Blood Bowl funeral rites are performed in some parts of Southeast China for men who died violent deaths.2 The inclusion of men in the Blood Pond Hell or Pond of Blood and Filth does not negate the Blood Pond Hell's gendered punishments, but complicates the view that the Blood Pond Hell only concerns women's pollution.Woman Huang Recites the Diamond Sutra does foreground the gendered dimension of blood pollution through its emphasis on the unintentional transgressions that cause mothers to fall into the Blood Pond Hell. Woman Huang, unlike Mulian's mother, is a virtuous Buddhist lay woman invited by King Yama to recite the Diamond Sutra in the realm of the dead. …" @default.
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• W879200022 title "Escape from Blood Pond Hell: The Tales of Mulian and Woman Huang" @default.
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