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- W88586190 abstract "This chapter shows that different types of membrane modules have been designed and used in membrane distillation (MD). Most of laboratory-scale membrane modules are plate-and-frame modules designed for use with flat sheet membranes due to their versatility and simplicity in fabrication, as compared to the spiral wound or tubular (capillary, hollow fiber) counterparts. In all MD configurations, the feed liquid is maintained in direct contact with one side of the membrane. There are several different possibilities on the permeate side to apply a driving force: a liquid, mainly distilled water, or a sweep gas comes into direct contact with the membrane, permeate is removed and condensed externally under vacuum, or permeate is condensed onto a cooled wall. In these systems, tangential fluid flows in direct contact with the membrane are applied by means of circulating pumps. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques can be used to study the effects of spacer and channel geometries of membrane modules as well as to design an adequate spacer shape to reduce temperature polarization, concentration polarization, and fouling. Preliminary results of thermofluid dynamics of a spiral wound MD module show how spacers can significantly affect temperature gradients within the channel of a membrane module, permitting to design an optimal spacer for the MD module. The study has been conducted only for the feed MD channel to determine the velocities, pressure, and temperature distributions and investigate the effect of the spacer geometry on these distributions." @default.
- W88586190 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W88586190 date "2011-01-01" @default.
- W88586190 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
- W88586190 title "MD Membrane Modules" @default.
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- W88586190 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53126-1.10009-0" @default.
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