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- W89380966 abstract "The molecular devices that adjust the velocity of energy-producing metabolic pathways to the energetic requirements of cells, similar to those regulating blood flow to match metabolic needs, have proved to be rather elusive. Thus, although there is abundant information on various pathways of metabolism, as well as on the enzymatic mechanisms controlling their rates, relatively little is known about overall regulation of metabolism, i.e. about the mechanisms that couple function, metabolism and blood flow in the intact tissue (see e.g. 1,2).Brain cells, at least those comprising the neuronal population, perform the work of receiving, transmitting and storing information. To a large extent, this information is expressed in transmembrane voltage fluctuations that involve ion fluxes and that are transmitted by the action of excitory and inhibitory messengers. As a result, energy must be spent in restoring ionic gradients by transport of ions, in synthesizing, transporting and packing transmitter molecules, and in synthesizing structural components with a fast turnover (e. g. proteins, phospholipids).There are two striking features about the metabolic pathways subserving the production of energy in the brain. First, brain cells have extraordinary energy requirements even under basal conditions. The energy requirements of nerve cells are even more impressive since neurons seem to utilize about 10 times as much oxygen as the “average” glial cell (3,4). As a corollary, it has been found that the brain of a small animal like the rat, which has its neurons more densely packed than the brains of larger animals, consumes, per unit weight, at least twice as much oxygen as the human brain (5,6). Second, the sole exogenous substrate normally used by the brain is glucose. In discussing regulation of metabolic pathways in the brain we, therefore, have to pay considerable attention to those causing glucose catabolism." @default.
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- W89380966 date "1977-01-01" @default.
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- W89380966 title "CONTROL OF METABOLIC SYSTEMS IN BRAIN" @default.
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