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• W89709432 abstract "Scientists Answer Readers: CAN CONSCIOUSNESS OUTDISTANCE LIFE? (By Academician P. Fedoseyev. Izvestia, Feb. 4, p. 5. 2,200 words. Excerpts:) Can consciousness anticipate the real traits of the future and in this sense prefigure life? Or, in reflecting life, can consciousness only follow in the wake of social always lagging behind it? Both the editors and scientific institutions are receiving letters in which such questions are posed. ... It is evident from the letters that various interpretations exist of the question of the interrelation between existence and consciousness in our society. ... Some believe that since ideas, or concepts, reflect reality, consciousness is in no sense able to outstrip existence. To them this is almost tantamount to admitting the existence of consciousness without matter, i.e., somewhat akin to the religious point of view, inasmuch as you cannot know beforehand in what form your consciousness will be molded, whether it will outstrip existence, as one letter puts it. ... Thus, A. Antonov of Leningrad Province categorically asserts in his letter: ... Whatever are the facts about a given individual, the conditions in which he lives, his environment and material status, such will be the shape of his thought and reasoning, and no propaganda of any kind is going to change the shape of his thought and reasoning. ... ... Let us look into this question. ... Consciousness is a reflection of existence-this is the fundamental truth of materialism. But it does not follow from this that consciousness merely registers the surrounding reality. ... Sense perception reflects only a given reality. But man also possesses a mind, which can both reproduce the distant past and predict the future. ... Thus the reflection of the past is stored up in the consciousness, along with interwoven elements of prevision of the future. In some respects consciousness lags behind and in other respects it outdistances its own time, as it were. ... The consciousness can anticipate future reality by proceeding from a knowledge of tendencies, of inclinations, of the essence of the development of society. ... For example, everyone knows that the bold fantasies of the writer Jules Verne anticipated many important scientific discoveries. ... The views of the Utopian socialists, though they contained much that was far-fetched and unrealizable, did have a kernel of truth. ... Thus, writers' fantasies and Utopian theories contained elements of prevision, although in essence they remained guesses, however bold or brilliant these guesses might have been. Scientific prevision is of an entirely different nature. Science, relying on knowledge of the objective laws of reality, can see the processes that will unfold in the future. It is possible to say that science contains elements of the future. ... The basis of scientific prevision is the knowledge of general laws. And this is where it becomes most obvious that in some respects consciousness can outdistance existence. A brilliant example of scientific prevision is the working out by the classical writers of Marxism-Leninism of the theory of scientific communism. By studying and generalizing the experience of class struggle, they revealed the general traits of the phenomena of the past and the present and scientifically predicted the inevitability of the socialist revolution and the victory of communism. ... ... Furthermore, the relationship of consciousness to existence is developing, not remaining unchanged. Consciousness not only reflects the world but also contributes to its transformation. V. I. Lenin comprehensively disclosed this active role of the consciousness. ... ... Although consciousness is secondary with respect to it is not a lifeless mirror reflection of it. Spiritual phenomena that reflect life possess a relative independence in their further development. This is the common prerequisite for both possibilities: whether consciousness lags behind existence or, in special conditions, outstrips it. ... To understand how consciousness can to a certain degree prefigure it is necessary to investigate how consciousness lags behind existence. An instance of the lag of consciousness behind existence in our society is the fact that some Soviet people even now retain capitalist survivals, and sometimes survivals and delusions of still more ancient origin, such as, for example, religious beliefs. ... ... According to the positions of dialectical materialism, it is clear that smooth development never occurs even in the spiritual sphere. Development comes about through contradictions, through the overcoming of contradictions. The various aspects of consciousness develop unevenly-some faster, others more slowly. Do we not know of cases where a person's political consciousness is at a peak, so to speak, where he is a steadfast defender of the principles of socialism, but in everyday life, with respect to morality, he sometimes is guilty of lapses?" @default.
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