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- W8980481 abstract "An extensive study of fluid inclusions from the Wernecke Mountains, Canada, hasrevealed a number of important findings related to the nature and source of iron oxide – copper - gold (IOCG) –related hydrothermal fluids in this region. This study is the first tocharacterise fluid compositions in detail in the Wernecke region, and uses this informationto illuminate aspects of IOCG formation including fluid source and evolution that werepreviously inaccessible using traditional methods.Direct analysis of fluid inclusions was performed using a range of advancedmicroanalytical techniques including microthermometry, laser Raman, proton induced Xrayemission (PIXE), laser induced inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LAICPMS), and extended Ar-Ar methodology, in order to obtain a wide range ofcompositional information. Comparison of results from fluids with different timing, and inparticular from IOCG prospects at different levels in the stratigraphy of the WerneckeSupergroup, was key to gaining insight into the evolution of circulating fluids.Microanalytical results characterised the hydrothermal fluids overall as moderate to hightemperature (110-400°C), moderate to high salinity (15 to 45 wt% NaCl equiv.), Na andCa rich fluids (6 to 10 wt% Na and up to 9 wt% Ca) with moderate to low K (typically 1 to3 wt%) and Fe (mostly below 0.5 wt%). Overall ore metal content is low, however themeasurement of Cu in these fluids for the first time, confirms that Cu was transported byhydrothermal fluids within the WSG. Importantly, the measured Cu levels (ranging mostlyfrom 5 to 500ppm) are low compared with the Cu contents of ore forming fluids in manyeconomic IOCG deposits. The overall characteristics of the studied fluids have more incommon with moderate salinity, moderate temperature, calcic sedimentary-derived basinalbrines, as disparate to high temperature, hypersaline, K- and Fe-rich magma-derived fluids.Analysis of halogens and noble gases further support a dominantly formation water originfor the bulk of fluids, but for the first time also identified a minor basement-derived(possibly magmatic) component. The majority of fluid populations were shown to beconsistent with evolution from a common parent brine, and distinct differences in fluidsalinities were attributed to variable dissolution of halite horizons.Fluids were shown to evolve through fluid-rock interaction via circulation upwardsthrough the WSG, based on differences in fluid chemistry at different stratigraphic levels.Fluid evolution and wall-rock alteration were also shown to be co-dependent, based onmeasured correlations between elements lost from fluids and gained in wall-rocks. Thealteration was driven by changing temperature (cooling) with depth, evolving fluidcomposition, and local changes in redox conditions. Ore metals were derived mostly vialeaching from wall-rock during alteration of WSG rocks, and geochemistry results suggestminor mafic intrusions were likely the chief donor of ore metals given the metal-poornature of WSG sedimentary rocks.The findings of this study strongly favour a dominant sedimentary formation water originfor IOCG-forming fluids in the WSG, and clearly place the Wernecke IOCG district intothe non-magmatic class of IOCGs. The opportunity to study an end-member non-magmaticIOCG system has provided insights into the importance of non-magmatic processes inIOCG formation. Important factors for ore formation in this (and potentially other nonmagmatic systems) include the enhancement of salinity through evaporite dissolution, andscavenging of ore metals from wall-rocks via extensive sodic metasomatism, with metalenrichment depending further on the metal content of host-rocks. The major factor limitingore deposit formation in the Wernecke Mountains was the lack of a significant ore metalbudget. This can be attributed to the lack of a hypersaline metal-rich magmatic fluid pulse(the key source of metals for many IOCG deposits), or the lack of metal-rich host rocks.Either of which could have significant boosted the abundance of ore metals in the system." @default.
- W8980481 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W8980481 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W8980481 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W8980481 title "A study of IOCG-related hydrothermal fluids in the Wernecke Mountains, Yukon Territory, Canada" @default.
- W8980481 hasPublicationYear "2010" @default.
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