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- W9045013 abstract "Ship-based measurements of the air-sea temperature difference (air-sea ΔT) areanalyzed and presented with a focus on the temperature difference probabilitydistribution and causes of its stability and variability. By taking the measurements with ahyperspectral infrared radiometer, temperatures of both the lower atmosphere and the skin layer of the ocean are acquired by a single, well-calibrated instrument. Consider that for each radiometric cruise deployment, when the air-sea ΔT measurements are plotted in a histogram, a mean air-sea ΔT peak at about -1 K becomes apparent regardless of measurement location or time of year. The large amount of air-sea ΔT data centered around -1 K suggests that there is a ‘feedback’ loop involving oceanic and atmospheric variables that stabilizes the air-sea ΔT around -1 K. Within a system, “feedback” is defined as the process in which a part of the output of the system is returned to its input to influence or regulate its further output. A feedback loop may be characterized as positive or negative. Following an initial disturbance, a positive feedback loop will lead to a growth in the initial perturbation, and could push apreviously stable system past a critical condition and into another state. A negativefeedback loop will act to lessen the initial disturbance, keeping the system within a stablestate. When describing climate systems, there are a number of variables that allow for theformation of both positive and negative feedback loops. Data from the multiple cruises point to the negative ‘tail’ of the air-skin ΔT being caused by a combination of low wind speeds (less than 3 m/s) and intense solar radiation. Wind speeds from 3 m/s to 9 m/s cause an increase in sensible and latent heat fluxes that serve as negative feedbacks that stabilize the air-sea ΔT around its -1 K mean. At wind speeds above 10 m/s and low humidity levels, the latent heat flux acts as a positivefeedback, and depending on the strength of other oceanic and atmospheric heat fluxes,may cause the air-skin ΔT to become more negative. A flow diagram of initialdisturbances and the resulting feedbacks is presented, demonstrating the necessaryconditions and consequences of the negative and positive feedback loops with regard tothe air-skin ΔT." @default.
- W9045013 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W9045013 creator A5084445963 @default.
- W9045013 date "2013-01-01" @default.
- W9045013 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
- W9045013 title "Feedbacks Based on Hyperspectral Measurements of the Air-Sea Temperature Difference" @default.
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