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• W90747981 abstract "[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] On December 22, 1937, a Japanese boy from the Shin Kozen Primary School delivered a letter and a [yen] 2.00 donation to the American consulate in Nagasaki, Japan. His letter, originally written in Japanese, was translated into English and forwarded to Joseph C. Grew, the American ambassador in Tokyo. His letter read, cold has come. Having heard from my elder brother that the American warship has sunk the other day I feel very sorry. Having been committed without intention beyond doubt, I apologize on behalf of the soldiers. Please forgive. Here is the money I saved. Please hand it to the American sailors injured. The letter, featured in this article, was addressed To the American sailors, and was signed only, One of the pupils of the Shin Kozen. The boy did not provide his name in the letter, nor did he reveal it when visiting the consulate. The American warship he referred to in his letter was the USS Panay, a flat-bottomed craft built in Shanghai, China, specifically for river duty. The USS Panay served as part of the U.S. Navy's Yangtze Patrol in the Asiatic Fleet, which was responsible for patrolling the Yangtze River to protect American lives and property. On December 12, 1937, Japanese aircraft bombed and sunk the American navy gunboat. After invading China in the summer of 1937, Japanese forces moved on the city of Nanking in December. Panay evacuated the remaining Americans from the city on December 11, bringing the number of people on board to five officers, fifty-four enlisted men, four U.S. embassy staff, and ten civilians. The following day, while upstream from Nanking, Panay and three Standard Oil tankers, Mei Ping, Mei An, and Mei Hsia, came under attack from Japanese naval aircraft. On the Panay, three men were killed, and forty-three sailors and five civilians were wounded. Survivors were later taken on board the American vessel USS Oahu and the British ships HMS Ladybird and HMS Bee. It was a nervous time for the American ambassador to Japan. He feared the Panay incident might lead to a break in diplomatic ties between Japan and the United States. Grew, whose experience in the Foreign Service spanned more than 30 years, remembered the Maine, the U.S. Navy ship that blew up in Havana Harbor in 1898. The sinking of the Maine had propelled the United States into the Spanish-American War; Grew hoped the sinking of the Panay would not be a similar catalyst. The Japanese government took full responsibility for sinking the Panay but continued to maintain that the attack had been unintentional. The formal apology reached Washington on Christmas Eve. Although Japanese officials maintained that their pilots never saw any American flags on the Panay, a U.S. Navy court of inquiry determined that several U.S. flags were clearly visible on the vessel during the attacks. Four days before the apology reached Washington, the Japanese government admitted that its army strafed the Panay and its survivors after the Japanese navy airplanes had bombed it. The Japanese government paid an indemnity of more than $2 million ($2,214,007.36) to the United States on April 22, 1938, officially settling the Panay incident. Immediately after the Panay bombing, a lesser-known aspect of the story started to unfold. In the days following the Panay incident, Japanese nationals, including the young boy from Nagasaki, began sending letters and cards of sympathy to the American embassy in Tokyo, and to American consulates elsewhere in the country. Ambassador Grew wrote that: never before has the fact that there are 'two Japans' been more clearly emphasized. Ever since the first news of the Panay disaster came, we have been deluged by delegations, visitors, letters, and contributions of money-people from all walks of life, from high officials, doctors, professors, businessmen down to school children, trying to express their shame, apologies, and regrets for the action of their own Navy. …" @default.
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• W90747981 date "2008-03-01" @default.
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• W90747981 title "Letter from a Young Boy Following the Panay Incident" @default.
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