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• W90915217 abstract "This research explores the status of on-site sewage treatment in Australiawith particular focus on composting toilets, and the transfer of the technologyto a developing country application. The study began with a request fromthe Department of Parks Wildlife and Heritage in Tasmania, to inspect andevaluate composting toilet installations in the World Heritage Area anddetermine why they were not performing satisfactorily. The investigationwas extended to a survey of composting toilet installations on the East Coastof Australia, predominantly in areas managed by public recreation institutions.In an attempt to remedy some of the problems encountered in the survey ofcomposting toilet facilities, design, installation and monitoring of a numberof batch composting toilet systems were undertaken in a variety of contexts.Trials of these custom built public composting toilets were conducted at tworemote high-use sites in the World Heritage Area in Tasmania, and at aroad-access cafe facility in a New South Wales national park. Domesticinstallations were trialed in urban and rural locations in co-operation withlocal government in southern Tasmania and in the Northern Rivers districtof New South Wales.Field research and literature review in Japan and China explored the statusof on-site sewage treatment in those countries and its relationship to the useof centralised reticulated sewerage systems. The findings of this review arerelated to Australia's current sanitation practice and future potentialmanagement. Contact was also developed with public recreation landmanagers in the United States and Canada and co-operative efforts weremade to review on-site sanitation options in national parks. A cultural and technical trial of composting toilets funded by the AustralianGovernment aid organisation, AusAID, extended the technology developedin the above trials to the island of Kiritimati in Kiribati in the Central Pacific, and assessed the value of the application from a social, political, administrative,environmental and technical point of view.From the above investigations it was found that there are situations wherecentralised reticulated sewerage treatment is neither affordable or appropriate,and that water borne on-site options are also not practical. Those situationsare probably best suited to dry conservancy techniques. The research,development and promotion of this technology has been undertaken by smallbusiness which has sometimes resulted in appropriate installations. On-sitesewage treatment is generally limited by a lack of adequate infrastructure.The practical investigations in the study establish that even in the mostconstrained research circumstances, dry conservancy technology can beimproved and does have the potential to provide an appropriate sanitationoption. The thesis argues that on-site sewage treatment merits the provisionof comprehensive institutional support, and a review of practice in othercountries indicates directions that could be explored. Improvements inAustralia's sanitation practice also has serious implications for technologytransfer to developing countries." @default.
• W90915217 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W90915217 creator A5058595647 @default.
• W90915217 date "1995-01-01" @default.
• W90915217 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W90915217 title "Wet and dry conservancy : politics and practicalities of on-site sanitation" @default.
• W90915217 hasPublicationYear "1995" @default.
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