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• W91131271 abstract "DSMC in the large collision rate limit has previously been used as an approximate Euler solver [Pullin, J. Comput. Phys., v34, 1980, pp. 231--244, Lengrand et al. Rarefied Gas Dynamics 12, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, v74, AIAA, 1981, p994, Merkle et al. Rarefied Gas Dynamics 12, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, v74, AIAA, 1981, p256]. Macrossan [Rarefied Gas Dynamics 22, AIP Conference Proceedings 585, American Institute of Physics, New York, 2001, pp. 388--395] suggested that therefore a particle-only approach could be taken to flows which contain a mixture of rarefied and continuum or near-continuum conditions; in those parts of the flow that would more conventionally be solved by a continuum Navier-Stokes or Euler solver, DSMC could be invoked in its `Euler solver mode'. The regions where the Euler solver can be invoked were determined (as is usual in such hybrid codes) by evaluating the breakdown parameter which compares the local collision time to the flow transit time through a local characteristic flow length. The flow length is derived from the gradient of some flow property. Here we investigate a different, but related, approach to this problem. In regions where the Euler equations apply, the velocity distribution function has the Maxwell form. If the velocity distribution in a cell is examined after the particles have been moved, but before the collisions are calculated, it could be established that the cell is already in, or very close to, its state. Such equilibrium may be found anywhere in the flow where the flow gradients are small; it is only when the movement of the particles brings to one `recipient cell' particles which started in different donor with different flow conditions that a non-equilibrium velocity distribution is established in the recipient cell. Here two different measures derived from the velocity distribution were used to identify the cells: the ratio of shear stress to pressure and a measure of the departure of all temperature components from the overall kinetic temperature. These were evaluated from the time-averaged flow state found from flow samples taken before the collision calculations were performed. In the cells there would appear to be no need to calculate any collisions; the effect of the collisions would merely be to bring about a new statistical representation of the same distribution. To maintain stability it was found that new velocities must be established in these cells. Two different methods were used to set new velocities in cells. These were (1) Pullin's EPSM method by which new particle velocities are selected from an distribution and (2) a form of `collision limiting' in which a reduced number of collisions are calculated in cells. These methods were tested for a Mach 5, blunt body flow with freestream Knudsen numbers of 0.1 and 0.064. Savings of CPU times of 10% (over standard DSMC) were achieved. We believe the general method could lead to greater savings in the CPU times for flows at lower Knudsen numbers, where the collision calculations could become more time consuming." @default.
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• W91131271 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W91131271 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W91131271 title "Detecting equilibrium cells in DSMC to improve the computational efficiency" @default.
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