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• W91286467 abstract "ABSTRACT. Considerable research attention has focused on truly ancient symbols of the Silk Road, the persistence of traditional raw silk production in China, the viability of hand-reeled silk, and the evolution of the silk industries. The material gathered in this study provides a rich and diverse context for understanding techniques for weaving and embroidering silk, the competitiveness of handicraft silk, the historical role of raw silk, and the economic importance of Byzantine silk exports all over the world.Keywords: silk, industry, trade, growth, production, traditional1. IntroductionThe theory that I shall seek to elaborate here puts considerable emphasis on the development of silk production in China, the rise of the Silk Road trade, cultural exchange based upon silk, and the production and consumption of silk in Thailand. The mainstay of the paper is formed by an analysis of the decline of the Thai silk industry, the Silk Road as a symbol for complex cultural exchange, traditional techniques of silk production in China, and the discontinuity in Silk Road trade. The results of the current study converge with prior research on the development of Japan's modern silk-reeling industry, the global stretch of the Silk Road, traditional work practices in the Thai silk industry, and the growth of silk as a trade item.2. The Development of Silk ProductionKurin posits that the historical Silk Road teaches us the importance of connecting different peoples and cultures together1 as a way of encouraging human creativity. The Silk Road represented a form of global economy when the known world was more difficult to traverse than nowadays (silk had an exceedingly long history and was among the most valuable of goods traded). Early in Chinese history, silk was used for clothing the Emperor. The Chinese closely guarded the method of silk production from outsiders. Silk became associated with wealth and power, Julius Caesar entering Rome in triumph under silk canopies. The Romans increasingly spent wealth on silk. In Byzantium, silk purchases accounted for a large drain on the treasury. Under Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, Constantinople became a center of silk production. Silk weavers energized the development of silk tapestry as Renaissance art. The trade in silk helped fuel the commercial transformation of Western Europe. Silk as a valuable traded commodity played a major role in the early development of global economy.2Xu examines the reasons that allowed for handicraft silk to persist on its own merits. Filature silk displaced hand-reeled silk in export markets where uniformity was important for use with mechanical looms. From 1880 to 1930, more than half of all raw silk production in China continued to be handreeled. The 1930s marked the beginning of the end for the Chinese silk industry. Raw silk is the reeled silk strands that can be processed into threads suitable for weaving (raw silk was produced industrially in China). Industrial silk reeling surpassed traditional reeling in productivity. Handicraft silk benefited from the efficiency gap that existed between filature and hand reeled silks. The value of industrialization accounts for around fifteen to twenty percent of the total value of raw silk. The market share of filature silk increased rapidly in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.In sum, there is considerable theoretical support for the notion that handreeled silk remained strong in its traditional markets as the raw material of choice for hand-loom weavers, benefiting from the dependence of traditional weavers. Xu points out that the strength of hand-reeled raw silk depended on the strength of the domestic market3 for silk cloth. Power weaving was a compelling technology for a great variety of silk products. Merchants of handicraft silk products developed new markets in inexpensive silk cloth for export. Hand-reeled silk persisted in China because the technology of steam reeling failed to achieve absolute superiority in both efficiency and quality, whereas and a large market continued to hunger for lower priced silk. …" @default.
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• W91286467 date "2013-01-01" @default.
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• W91286467 title "The Interplay between Aesthetics, Silk, and Trade" @default.
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