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• W91297401 abstract "The first spaceflight was several decades ago, and yet extraterrestrial exploration is only at the beginning and has mainlybeen carried out by robotic probes and rovers sent to extraterrestrial planets and deep space. In the future human extraterrestrialexploration will take place and to get ready for long periods of permanence in space, astronauts are trained during longduration missions on the International Space Station (ISS). To prepare for such endeavours, team training activities areperformed in extreme environments on Earth, as isolated deserts, base camps on Antarctica, or stations built on the bottomof the sea, trying to simulate the conditions and operations of space. Space agencies are also particularly interested in thesearch of signs of life forms in past or present extreme natural environments, such as salt lakes in remote deserts, very deepocean habitats, submarine volcanic areas, sulphuric acid caves, and lava tubes. One natural environment that very realisticallymimics an extraterrestrial exploration habitat is the cave. Caves are dark, remote places, with constant temperature, manylogistic problems and stressors (isolation, communication and supply difficulties, physical barriers), and their explorationrequires discipline, teamwork, technical skills and a great deal of behavioural adaptation. For this reason, since 2008 theEuropean Space Agency has carried out training activities in the subterranean environment and the CAVES project is one ofthose training courses, probably the most realistic one. CAVES stands for Cooperative Adventure for Valuing and Exercisinghuman behaviour and performance Skills, and is meant as a multidisciplinary multicultural team exploration mission in acave. It has been developed by ESA in the past few years (2008–2011) and is open for training of astronauts of the ISS PartnerSpace Agencies (USA, Russia, Japan, Canada, and Europe). Astronauts are first trained for 5 days to explore, document andsurvey a karst system, then take on a cave exploration mission for 6 days underground. A team of expert cave instructors, aHuman Behaviour and Performance facilitator, scientists and video reporters, ensure that all tasks are performed in completesafety and guides all these astronauts’ activities. During the underground mission the astronauts’ technical competences arechallenged (exploring, surveying, taking pictures), their human behaviour and decision-making skills are debriefed, and theyare required to carry out an operational programme which entails performing scientific tasks and testing equipment, similarlyto what they are required to do on the ISS. The science program includes environmental and air circulation monitoring,mineralogy, microbiology, chemical composition of waters, and search for life forms adapted to the cavern environment. TheCAVES 2012 Course will be explained and the first interesting scientific results will be presented." @default.
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• W91297401 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W91297401 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W91297401 title "ESA CAVES: TRAINING ASTRONAUTS FOR SPACE EXPLORATION" @default.
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