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- W91776457 abstract "This chapter reviews the composition, structure, and dynamics of the thylakoid membrane and outlines mechanisms that allow this part of the photosynthetic apparatus to cope with changing environmental conditions. The thylakoid membranes of higher plant chloroplasts are revealed as complex folded lamellae systems composed of stacked (granal) and nonstacked (stromal) regions. Classes of lipids found in chloroplast thylakoids can be divided into two types: those that are saponifiable and those that are not. The matrix of the membrane is made up of the saponifiable lipids known as the diacylglycaolipids. In contrast, the non-saponifiable lipids are the various forms of pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) and quinones. The pigments are bound within protein complexes and the quinones are located in the hydrophobic lipid matrix. Four major protein complexes are present in the thylakoid membrane that are involved in light-harvesting electron transport proton translocation and enzymatic catalysis are PS I, PS II, cytochrome b6/f, and the ATP synthase. The thylakoid membrane is highly dynamic in its nature and responds to changes in the surrounding environment through both short-term and long-term acclimations. However, these changes have to be induced and regulated in a controlled manner and are therefore catalyzed by specific enzymes. The knowledge about these auxiliary enzymes is only in its infancy but some examples of such processes are presented in the chapter. These include kinases and phosphatases involved in reversible thylakoid protein phosphorylation; enzymes involved in other types of post-translational modification, such as acylation of proteins; and endogenous protein required for the processing of precursor protein, or the removal of photodamaged polypeptides." @default.
- W91776457 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W91776457 creator A5084137985 @default.
- W91776457 creator A5084770324 @default.
- W91776457 date "1994-01-01" @default.
- W91776457 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W91776457 title "Composition, Organization, and Dynamics of Thylakoid Membranes" @default.
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