FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W918095678> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W918095678 endingPage "57" @default.
• W918095678 startingPage "49" @default.
• W918095678 abstract "Abstract. This paper compares costs and revenues of two modes of provision of pay-television by cable and satellite providers. The two modes are bundling and a la carte, both of which are subscription-based services. Results of this research show that on average a la carte is more expensive to deliver than bundling, while revenues of both are comparable. The paper also deals with the economics of urban agglomeration and regional networks. It shows that improvement in technology makes it possible to simulate agglomeration in metropolitan areas with networks, which makes it possible for small urban regions and rural regions to share in network outputs.(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)1. IntroductionLitman (1995) provides a summary of the historical events since the 1960s that culminated in the development of the pay-television market. The market for pay-television was created to fill a void due to the scarcity of the electromagnetic spectrum. This scarcity caused a limitation to the availability of the very high frequency (VHF) stations in local markets, which restricted transmission to only three national TV networks. Litman goes on to describe the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rulings permitting pay-TV to exist, but in the mean- time restricting the programming to only types not available from commercial broadcasting. In 1972, Home Box Office (HBO) started a channel subscrip- tion service available on a monthly basis. In 1977, the U.S. Court of Appeals declared that the FCC limitations on programming were invalid, which opened the door for pay-cable networks to be competitive with the three commercial networks. Litman estimates that in 1995 cable television penetrated about two-thirds of households in the United States.Litman further explains the development of pay- TV by noting that consumers were willing to subscribe to redundant networks as cable systems began to offer multiple networks. Crawford and Yurukoglu (2012), henceforth CY, term this trend in marketing as bundling (multichannel). Multichannel TV refers to subscription-based services.CY explain that multichannel TV is widespread among some 110 million viewers who spend about $50 billion a year to watch on average more than seven hours of TV every day. The multichannel system, though it makes consumer tastes more homogeneous, nevertheless extracts producers' surplus. The welfare effects are ambiguous, as pointed out by Stigler (1963) and Adams and Yellen (1976). CY's paper addresses an alternative to bundling, termed a la carte (ALC) pricing. Regulations requiring ALC choice by consumers would probably alter the TV market. Canada, Hong Kong, and India mandate unbundling with different structures of regulations, which makes general- izations difficult.CY provides a thorough description of the bundling of channels, explaining that all cable and satellite systems offer a variety of systems. The first type, the broadcast channels, is advertising supported. This includes major national channels, such as ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX, and public and independent television. The second type, the cable programming channels, is supported by advertising and fees and includes MTV, CNN, and ESPN. The third type is premium programming, which is advertising free, such as HBO and Showtime. The fourth type is pay-per-view for on-demand viewing, allowing viewers to watch theatrical releases and sporting events. Note here that broadcast and cable channels are bundled and offered as basic services. Premium channels are unbundled and sold as premium services. Most recently, premium chan- nels started offering multiplexing programming as a single brand, such as HBO, HBO2, and HBO Family.Through a process of simulation, CY estimated that total input costs of ALC would rise 103.0 percent for a combination of 49 channels. Consumer welfare would increase between 0.2 and 5.4 percent. Industry profits would increase in the range of 2.4 percent and 12. …" @default.
• W918095678 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W918095678 creator A5083872270 @default.
• W918095678 creator A5085596919 @default.
• W918095678 date "2014-01-01" @default.
• W918095678 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W918095678 title "Costs and Revenues of à la Carte (ALC) Versus Bundling in Television Markets" @default.
• W918095678 cites W1484044859 @default.
• W918095678 cites W1510115364 @default.
• W918095678 cites W1587993060 @default.
• W918095678 cites W1606680035 @default.
• W918095678 cites W1988066035 @default.
• W918095678 cites W1989719371 @default.
• W918095678 cites W1990117446 @default.
• W918095678 cites W1992172068 @default.
• W918095678 cites W2115445249 @default.
• W918095678 cites W2335307850 @default.
• W918095678 cites W2913040431 @default.
• W918095678 cites W3122980008 @default.
• W918095678 doi "https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.243963" @default.
• W918095678 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
• W918095678 type Work @default.
• W918095678 sameAs 918095678 @default.
• W918095678 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W918095678 crossrefType "posted-content" @default.
• W918095678 hasAuthorship W918095678A5083872270 @default.
• W918095678 hasAuthorship W918095678A5085596919 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C10138342 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C109747225 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C144133560 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C155739000 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C158739034 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C162324750 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C162853370 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C166957645 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C175444787 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C195487862 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C205649164 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C2776034101 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C2780378061 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C2993552190 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C40700 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
• W918095678 hasConcept C76155785 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C10138342 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C109747225 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C144133560 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C155739000 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C158739034 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C162324750 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C162853370 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C166957645 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C175444787 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C195487862 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C205649164 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C2776034101 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C2780378061 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C2993552190 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C40700 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C41008148 @default.
• W918095678 hasConceptScore W918095678C76155785 @default.
• W918095678 hasIssue "1" @default.
• W918095678 hasLocation W9180956781 @default.
• W918095678 hasOpenAccess W918095678 @default.
• W918095678 hasPrimaryLocation W9180956781 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W126828917 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W1482148732 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W1487252336 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W1829881670 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W1884170515 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W2024128183 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W2139062327 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W2295060650 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W2737438489 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W2766120562 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W291612083 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W2940129807 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W3009741621 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W301901786 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W3021829103 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W3122546665 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W3135011395 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W3139646294 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W3150952947 @default.
• W918095678 hasRelatedWork W912846509 @default.
• W918095678 hasVolume "44" @default.
• W918095678 isParatext "false" @default.
• W918095678 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W918095678 magId "918095678" @default.
• W918095678 workType "article" @default.