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• W9236447 abstract "ABSTRACT: Fifty-four (54) middle-income couples were followed from 6 months of pregnancy until 6 months postpartum. The couples' attitudes were assessed prenatally, observations were made at delivery along with an interview after delivery to assess the emotional quality of the couple's birth experience, and follow-up interviews and observations were made at 6 week intervals until 6 months postpartum to determine level of attachment to the infant. The motor development items of the Bay ley Scales of Infant Development were administered twice to each infant. Data was analyzed for the six component scales of motor development. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of the data showed that significant predictors of motor behavior included maternal attachment, time from delivery to initial feeding, mother's prenatal attitude, parity, paternal prenatal attitude, home environment for birth, quality of the father's birth experience, amount of analgesia or anesthesia administered, family income and combined maternal and paternal attachment ratings. These findings are discussed with reference to theories of parent-infant bonding and its relation to motor development. INTRODUCTION Several studies have attempted to explore the relationship of perinatal influences to infant neurodevelopment. Most have centered upon the effects of analgesia and anesthesia given the mother during labor. Brazelton (1970) and Scanlon (1974) found changes in the behavior of the newborn infant which were associated with the administration of drugs during labor and delivery. Standley, et al (1974) reported that analgesic premedication and local anesthesia given to mothers during childbirth increased irritability and depressed motor performance in the three day old neonate. Conway and Brackbill (1970) found differences related to obstetrical medication on the Bayley Motor Scale (Bayley, 1969) at one month of age, but not on the Bayley Mental Scales. At 5 months they no longer found these differences. Bell, et al (1971) were unable to find any relation between the amount of drugs the mother had received during labor and the behavior of her newborn infant on a host of behavioral measures. Kron, et al (1966) found suppression of sucking in experimental infants at 2 days of age, who had received obstetrical medication at an average of 74 minutes prior to delivery compared to non-medicated infants. Yang, et al (1976) did not find such a relationship when only the dose was considered, suggesting that time of administration was more important than quantity. Brackbill, et al (1974) found that infants free from obstetrical medication habituated twice as fast as those whose mothers had received medication. Infants receiving no medication also performed more capably on the Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale items of lack of startles, consolability, cuddliness and ability to suck steadily and vigorously. The authors suggested that one possible result of this effect was that the baby who did not suck well, cuddle easily and was hard to comfort, might elicit negative responses from the mother. These responses could, in turn, have a lasting negative effect. It is within the mother-child relationship that the early experiences which are important to the child's cognitive and emotional development take place. Children who do well in school have been talked to, read to and stimulated in the home more during early childhood than children who do poorly (Bloom, 1964; Chamberlin, 1973; Schaeffer, 1972; Werner, et al, 1971; Levenstein, 1970; Moore, 1968). Ringler, et al (1975) explain such verbal behavior by differences in the amount of mother-infant contact within the postpartum period. Eveloff (1971) has also maintained that the first 18 months are crucial for symbolic language development and that serious flaws in the interaction between the baby and the mothering adult who have repercussions on the child's linguistic and cognitive development. Emde and Koening (1969a,b) found that infants born from medicated mothers smiled significantly less (both in number of smiles and smiles weighted for intensity) than infants of unmedicated mothers. …" @default.
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• W9236447 date "1992-07-01" @default.
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• W9236447 title "Women's Birth Experience and Subsequent Infant Motor Development" @default.
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