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- W923844192 abstract "This Article is one in a series about bullying and cyberbullying in schools. I argue that the proper analysis for a First Amendment challenge to school discipline for off-campus misuse of the Internet to harm or offend a member of the school community depends on the nature of the offending behavior. For students who are punished for a single incident – what I will call cyberattacking – a Tinker analysis makes sense. Except in extraordinary circumstances, the First Amendment should immunize these single-incident attackers from punishment. For students who engage in a pattern of repeated incidents of cyberattacking – what I will call cyberbullying – their creation of a hostile educational environment for their victims parallels the behavior of workplace harassers who may be lawfully disciplined pursuant to Title VII. Therefore, the relative merit of cyberbullies’ First Amendment defenses to lawful punishment should depend more on the interaction between free speech rights and harassment than on the interaction between free speech and a single incident of aggression. In this context, just like the state has a compelling interest in protecting a captive, victimized minority in the workplace form hostile sexual abuse, so too does the state have a compelling interest in protecting bullying and cyberbullying victims in schools. For these few egregious cases, a First Amendment defense to discipline should fail." @default.
- W923844192 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W923844192 date "2011-01-01" @default.
- W923844192 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W923844192 title "Hostile Educational Environments: On the Apparent First Amendment Barrier to Cyberbullying Punishments" @default.
- W923844192 hasPublicationYear "2011" @default.
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