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• W930515957 abstract "Although the United States is the only country in the world that currently incarcerates juvenile offenders for life without the possibility of parole, this country appears to be moving towards practices more consistent with the rest of the world. This article discusses these trends and focuses on California's groundbreaking legislative reforms, which have created a schema that provides most juvenile offenders with the opportunity to earn their release from prison after serving between fifteen and twenty-five years in prison. Though the punitive American approach to juvenile justice is out of step with the rest of the world, the national trends are moving this country's treatment of juveniles who break the law closer to the aspirations of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.The widespread adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) has made a tremendous impact on global responses to juveniles- young people under the age of eighteen-who break the law. Although the United States has not ratified this nearly universally accepted Convention, its principles are nonetheless influencing the evolution of American juvenile justice. The U.S. Supreme Court has been influenced by global practices shaped by the CRC in a string of recent Eighth Amendment cases that prohibit the juvenile death penalty and limit juvenile LWOP sentences.Although the United States is the only country in the world that currently incarcerates juvenile offenders for life without the possibility of parole, we appear to moving towards practices more consistent with the rest of the world. The recent trend to limit and, in many states, eliminate life sentences for juvenile offenders is notable in this regard. Legislation that expands the opportunities for juveniles sentenced to life in prison to obtain release is rapidly unfolding across the country. This article discusses these trends and focuses on California's groundbreaking legislative reforms, which have created a schema that provides most juvenile offenders with the opportunity to earn their release from prison after serving between fifteen and twentyfive years in prison. While some states continue to allow the practice of sentencing juveniles to life without parole (LWOP), the national trend is moving in the opposite direction, bringing American juvenile justice back towards its rehabilitative roots and rendering it more consistent with internationally accepted practices.Global Trends in Juvenile JusticeWhen viewed in a global context, the United States' approach to juvenile justice has become quite punitive (Goldson & Muncie, 2006). Although the country's juvenile court system was founded in 1899 based on the idea that juveniles are fundamentally different than adults and should therefore be treated differently when they break the law, punitive reforms throughout the 1990s created numerous exceptions to juvenile court jurisdiction. These ever-widening exceptions opened the doors to allow increasing numbers of teenagers under the age of eighteen to be processed in adult courts each year. By the end of the 1990s, every state in the nation allowed juveniles to be transferred to adult court under some circumstances (Fagan & Zimring, 2000).What began as an exception, carved out for the worst of the worst, expanded to have a broad reach. An estimated 250,000 juveniles are tried, sentenced, and/or incarcerated in the adult criminal justice system each year within the United States (Arya, 2011). Once these teenagers enter the adult system, they no longer receive access to the rehabilitative services the juvenile delinquency system was designed to provide. In many respects, these laws have dismantled the juvenile justice system by systematically excluding large groups of young people.Transferring juveniles to adult courts and, ultimately, to adult prisons, raises serious ethical and public policy concerns given what is known about the experiences of juvenile offenders who are housed in adult facilities. …" @default.
• W930515957 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W930515957 date "2014-01-01" @default.
• W930515957 modified "2023-09-22" @default.
• W930515957 title "Globalization and Juvenile Life Sentences: Creating Meaningful Opportunities for Release for Juvenile Offenders" @default.
• W930515957 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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