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• W93214334 abstract "Bullying has been recognized as a significant problem in adolescents. The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP) has been the most successful and widely used program in schools to reduce the incidence of bullying. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of middle school students and parents on the effectiveness of OBPP. Online surveys for students and parents were developed using a Likert-type scale. The results indicate that students and parents believe OBPP is effective in increasing knowledge of bullying and how to effectively deal with it. Parents do not perceive that incidents of bullying have decreased since implementation of OBPP. This parent perception is inconsistent with student belief that with OBPP bullying happens less. The results suggest that further research is needed on the perceptions of the effectiveness of OBPP. Students Parents Perceptions Effectiveness Olweus 6 Perceptions of Middle School Students and Parents on the Effectiveness of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program Bullying in schools has been problematic among adolescents. This is affecting many areas of their well-being, including school achievement and development of positive social skills (Kochenderfer & Ladd, 1996; Olweus, 1993a). Bullies and victims of bullying are at risk for emotional, social, and psychiatric problems that could continue into adulthood (Holt, Finkelhor & Kantor, 2007; Nansel et al., 2001; O’Connell, Pepler, & Craig, 1999). The National Crime Victimization Survey reported bullying in grade six at 39.4%, seven at 33.1 %, and eight at 31.7%, (U.S. Department of Justice, 2009). According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), 28% of students ages 12 through 18 have reported being bullied at school. The statistics are even higher for rural schools where the reported percentage totals 30.5%. Possible reasons for higher rates of bullying in rural areas could be due to their geographic and social isolation. Students who are bullies may be more likely to adopt attitudes associated with archaic justice, which supports using violence to resolve conflicts (Dulmus, Sawers & Theriot, 2006; Schwaner and Keil, 2003). Current literature on middle school bullying clearly indicates that it is a problem in schools; the purpose of this research is to shed light on the perceptions of middle school students and parents on the effectiveness of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP). This study is quantitative, using two separate Likert-type surveys, one for students and the other for parents. The questions are specifically designed to determine the perceptions of the participants regarding the effectiveness of OBPP. Specific information regarding the setting/population, instrument used and research design will be discussed in the method section. In order to adequately address this problem, a definition of the term bullying needs to be established. Students Parents Perceptions Effectiveness Olweus 7 Bullying is defined as an act of someone intentionally inflicting injury or discomfort to another individual that is considered to be aggressive behavior or if he/she is victimized or exposed to negative actions repeatedly over time (Olweus, 1993a). Obtaining information from students and parents that have participated in this program can be used to enhance the programs main objective of reducing bullying. There is a significant amount of research available that points to the effectiveness of reducing bullying in schools. This study is intended to provide information on participants perceptions which can benefit administrators and school personnel as well as the counseling profession. Before this study can present the perceptions of middle school students and parents on the effectiveness of OBPP, current literature on bullying and OBPP must be presented. Specifically, research pertaining to the perceptions of bullying in schools will be examined, along with how OBPP has been implemented and the evaluation of the success of this program in reducing bullying. Review of Literature The purpose of this literature review is to present bullying as a problem in schools. In addition, literature will be presented to discuss OBPP in reducing bullying incidents. Researchers have found that individuals within the school community (e.g. teachers, administrators, parents, and students) recognize that bullying is a significant issue (Holt, Kantor & Finkelhor, 2009; Jacobsen & Baumen, 2007; Lund, Blake, Ewing & Banks, 2012; Maunder, Harrop & Tattersal, 2010; Wang, Iannoti & Nansel, 2009). This review of literature investigates previous findings on established anti-bullying programs (Karma, Voeten, Poskiparta & Salmivalli, 2010; Salmivalli, 2010). The majority of the research is on OBPP (Black & Jackson, 2007; Bowllan, 2001; Coyle, Students Parents Perceptions Effectiveness Olweus 8 2008; Olweus, 1991; Olweus, 1993a; Olweus 1997). Therefore, the focus of this review is on the implementation and effectiveness of OBPP in a variety of school communities (Bowllan, 2011; Edmondson & Hoover, 2008). The literature explores the role of each member of the school community in executing the anti-bullying program (Ahmed and Braithwait, 2004; Carlson & Christenson, 2005; Conner-Burrow, Johnson, Whiteside-Mansell, McKelvey, and Gargus, (2009); Kallestead & Olweus, 2003; Kuhut, 2007; Olweus, 1993; Reese, Vera, Simon & Ikeda, 2000). Potential barriers that may hinder the success of the program along with ways to overcome them are examined (Coyle, 2008; Limber, Nation, Tracy, Melton & Flerx, 2004; Walter, Gouze and Limb, 2006). Researchers have shown OBPP to be effective in reducing the incidences of bullying (Limber, Nation, Tracy, Melton & Flerx, 2004; Schroeder et al., 2012; Stevens, Bourdeaudhuij & Van Oost, 2000; Whitney, Rivers, Smith & Sharp, 1994). Anti-Bullying Programs" @default.
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• W93214334 title "Perceptions of Middle School Students and Parents on the Effectiveness of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program" @default.
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