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- W933178146 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter explores the origins of ecology and asks what new abductions (hypotheses) were at the root of ecology's emergence as a science, and to what extent ecologists have managed to converge on some central hypotheses. It describes the origins of ecology as polyphyletic. In its early stages, the field was dominated by scientists trained as botanists and zoologists. Some of these figures focused on terrestrial systems (many among this group were located in the U.S. midwest), while others concentrated on the oceans (many of these were, naturally enough, located in coastal regions). Very different field techniques were involved, and the work of both groups proceeded quite independently. Drawing on early texts, this discussion identifies the interests and insights of these “pioneer ecologists.” Investigation reveals three important “initial defining hypotheses” that were seminal for the development of ecology: Adaptations to varying environmental conditions are responsible for the distribution of organisms; that ecological communities tend toward equilibrium; and that communities are a type of organism that develop along predictable lines as in Clementsian succession. All three defining hypotheses resulted in the development of major ecological research agendas in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The chapter closes with some worries about convergence. The diversity of ecologists has allowed dubious or even refuted ideas to continue in use, thus blocking the development of “a unified ecology with consistent hypotheses.”" @default.
- W933178146 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W933178146 date "2011-01-01" @default.
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- W933178146 title "Origins and Development of Ecology" @default.
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- W933178146 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-51673-2.50002-9" @default.
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