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- W93363497 abstract "Studies on shock attenuation during running have induced alterations in impact loading by imposing kinematic constraints, e.g., stride length changes. The role of shock attenuation mechanisms has been shown using mass-spring-damper (MSD) models, with spring stiffness related to impact shock dissipation. The present study altered the magnitude of impact loading by changing downhill surface grade, thus allowing runners to choose their own preferred kinematic patterns. We hypothesized that increasing downhill grade would cause concomitant increases in both impact shock and shock attenuation, and that MSD model stiffness values would reflect these increases. Ten experienced runners ran at 4.17 m/s on a treadmill at surface grades of 0% (level) to 12% downhill. Accelerometers were placed on the tibia and head, and reflective markers were used to register segmental kinematics. An MSD model was used in conjunction with head and tibial accelerations to determine head/arm/trunk center of mass (HAT COM ) stiffness (K 1 ), and lower extremity (LEG COM ) stiffness (K 2 ) and damping (C). Participants responded to increases in downhill grade in one of two ways. Group Low SA had lower peak tibial accelerations but greater peak head accelerations than Group High SA , and thus had lower shock attenuation. Low SA also showed greater joint extension at heelstrike, higher HAT COM heelstrike velocity, reduced K 1 stiffness, and decreased damping than High SA . The differences between groups were exaggerated at the steeper downhill grades. The separate responses may be due to conflicts between the requirements of controlling HAT COM kinematics and shock attenuation. Low SA needed greater joint extension to resist their higher HAT COM heelstrike velocities, but a consequence of this strategy was the reduced ability to attenuate shock with the lower extremity joints during early stance. With lower HAT COM impact velocities, the High SA runners were able to adopt a strategy that gave more control of shock attenuation, especially at the steepest grades." @default.
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- W93363497 date "2004-08-01" @default.
- W93363497 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W93363497 title "Stiffness and Damping Response Associated with Shock Attenuation in Downhill Running" @default.
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- W93363497 doi "https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.20.3.291" @default.
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