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• W935389632 abstract "This chapter focuses on ion extrusion systems in Escherichia coli. The systems responsible for export of ions from the bacterium Escherichia coli are discussed. This bacterium uses both primary and secondary extrusion systems. Primary systems couple chemical energy directly to the performance of electrochemical work, or, in the reverse mode, couple osmotic energy to chemical bond formation. The most widely recognized of the E. coli primary extrusion pumps are the H+-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) (F0F1) and the H+-translocating respiratory chain. Both primary pumps establish electrochemical proton gradients, acid and positive outside of the cell. When the two run simultaneously, the force generated by respiration exceeds the amount necessary to drive protons inward through the F0F1, resulting in ATP synthesis. The coupling of these two pumps is the process of oxidative phosphorylation. The force generated by proton pumping can also be used for osmotic work. In the case of secondary extrusion systems, this is accomplished by exchange of protons for another ion, thus coupling downhill proton movement to uphill transport of a heterologous ion. A calcium antiporter (CHA) catalyzes electrophoretic exchange of one calcium for at least three protons. A calcium phosphate symporter antiporter (CPS) cotransports calcium and phosphate in a 1 : 1 ratio. A sodium antiporter (NHA) exchanges more than one proton per sodium ion. A potassium or antiporter (KHA) catalyzes electroneutral exchange of the two cations." @default.
• W935389632 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W935389632 date "1986-01-01" @default.
• W935389632 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
• W935389632 title "[26] Ion extrusion systems in Escherichia coli" @default.
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• W935389632 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(86)25028-4" @default.
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