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• W935687562 abstract "Louis Marshall and the Rise of Jewish Ethnicity in America, A Biography, by M. M. Silver, Syracuse University Press, 2013, 534 pp.Reviewed by Sarah SchmidtM. M. Silver, an American-Israeli historian who teaches at the Max Stern College of Emek Yezreel in Israel, has produced an extensively researched and heavily documented study of Louis Marshall, the early twentieth-century American-Jewish leader. Silver s major thesis is that Marshall changed the way American Jews perceived themselves and were perceived by others. With its seventy-two pages of footnotes and its thirteen pages of works cited, Louis Marshall and the Rise of Jewish Ethnicity in America will appeal primarily to academics familiar with American and/or American-Jewish history, as well as to lawyers interested in the interaction between legal rulings and New York State and national policies and their effect on the American Jewish community.Silver maintains that Marshalls impact on the American Jewish scene was so great that no other Jewish leader of his time came close to matching his influence on both Jews-the established, wealthy Jews who had arrived in the United States in mid-nineteenth century-and Downtown Jews-the Jews who were arriving from Eastern Europe at the time Marshall was most active. Silver cites numerous primary and secondary sources and takes the view that earlier authors have slighted Marshalls role or misinterpreted factual evidence so that Marshall has gone unrecognized and unappreciated. However, Marshall s breadth of accomplishment makes it difficult to fault previous works that take a more limited scope. He participated in numerous Jewish communal affairs, practiced law in both national and state political arenas, participated in the world of international diplomacy, advocated for African Americans and Native Americans, and had a pioneering interest in environmental conservation. Only a book as wide-ranging as Silver s could have treated so many subjects. Occasionally, Marshall, the man, is hard to detect buried within the vast historical context Silver provides.THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARYMarshall was a man who demonstrated a remarkable degree of flexibility with regard to the needs of others. Though a fife-long supporter of the Republican Party and a staunch defender of property rights, he valued cultural openness. As a member of the uptown Jewish elite, he remained throughout his fife a dedicated Reform Jew. But when the masses of mainly Orthodox Eastern European Jews began to arrive in the United States, he recognized the need to create a moderately variant ofjudaism that could help to bringthe downtown Jewish immigrants into the American mainstream. He also came to understand that a more conservative Judaism promised continuity and a form of refuge from an Americanization process fraught with the threat of limitless, and sometimes frightening, change. Thus, he supported recruiting Solomon Schechter to lead the modern Conservative Movement of American Jewry. And for three decades, until his death in 1929, it was Marshall who handled the legal and administrative needs, including extensive fundraising, of the Jewish Theological Seminary.THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEELouis Marshall is most identified, however, with the American Jewish Committee (AJC). Its founding in 1906 marked a turning point in Marshalls career and also created a new, non-religious, ethnically based option for the organized life and identity of American Jewry. From the beginning, Marshall took charge of all the Committees administrative affairs and became its spokesman. As early as 1907, Marshall began to lobby for open immigration in Washington, a fight he lost in 1924. Only in retrospect can we appreciate his contribution to the emigration of thousands of Jews to the United States before then.Assuming the presidency of the AJC in 1912, Marshall spent the next seventeen years organizing and supervising AJC meetings, formulating its everchanging agenda, and mediating between those who would make the organization more democratic and those who wished to keep control in Uptown hands. …" @default.
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