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• W9365104 abstract "Initially, analytical techniques, particularly the efficiency of wet digestion procedures for decomposition of biological materials prior to the determination of the selected trace elements by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) were investigated. Flame and graphite furnace with Zeeman-effect AAS were chosen for the analysis, and the problems of · spectral and matrix interferences investigated. Because the levels of selenium in milk were found to be very low, methods for its determination using spectrofluorimetry were developed. The spectrofluorimetric method showed high sensitivity and was free from matrix interferences.The importance of the quality control in trace element analysis is discussed extensively. The standards reference materials (SRMs), supplied by the National Institute of Standards & Technology and the International Atomic Energy Agency, were used for validation of the methods for their precision and accuracy. The results of the SRMs in this study were in close agreement with the certified values with the recoveries ranged from 86 to 108%.Few data are available on levels of trace elements in milk from cows across Australia or the effect of seasons on these levels. Subsequently a comprehensive study of the levels of selected trace elements (aluminium, copper, chromium, iron, manganese, selenium and zinc) in standardised cow's milk Australia wide and raw cow's milk from selected diary farms from south east Queensland was carried out in 1990 and 1991. These trace elements were selected on the basis of nutritional importance and potential toxicity. The seasonal and regional variations of trace element levels in milk were investigated and the results statistically evaluated. The study showed little seasonal and regional significant differences for levels of Al, Cr, Cu, Fe and Mn in cow's milk. However, there were greater seasonal and regional for levels of Se and Zn in cow's milk. Selenium in particular, showed generally higher levels in summer (20.1 - 28.3 μg/L) than other seasons (15.9 - 25.3 μg/L). Similarly, levels of selenium in standardised cow's milk collected from eastern parts of Australia were generally higher than other areas. Relatively high levels of selenium in raw cow's milk collected from selected dairy farms in south east Queensland, on the eastern part of Australia, were also found. These higher levels of selenium in milk could be influenced by the higher content of selenium soil in these areas. However, results of soil analysis sampled from selected dairy farms in south east Queensland did not show a significantly high content of selenium. The study also did not establish any inter-relationships between the levels of trace elements, including selenium, in the soil-plant-milk cycle.To investigate the possible nutritional significance of selenium in cow's milk, the effect of milk casein protein concentrations on the bioavailability of selenomethionine in rats was investigated. The study demonstrated that a group of rats given high casein diet (25% protein) supplemented with graded levels of selenomethionine gave greater bioavailability of selenomethionine than the other group of rats on a low casein diet (12 % protein) when retention of selenium in blood and kidney were used as response criteria. The adopted method used for determining selenomethionine in biological materials was found to be very effficient with an extraction efficiency greater than 90% and the spiked recoveries ranged from 88 to 96%. The study showed a steady increase of selenomethionine levels in rat livers of a low casein group, whereas no steady increase in selenomethionine levels was shown for a a high casein group after given diets supplemented with graded levels of selenomethionine. This finding indicated that high casein diet (high protein) reduced the storage of selenomethionine in liver tissue.The study has also demonstrated the usefulness of chemometric methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) for evaluating data of selenium levels in cow's milk. The PCA was able to isolate and identify the effects of seasons and geographical origins on the levels of selenium in standardised cow's milk Australia wide. However, PCA for levels of Se in raw cow's milk from two regions of dairy farms of south east Queensland did not show any consistent trends.The results of this study have provided a comprehensive baseline regarding levels of selected trace elements in Australian cow's milk, and the data obtained could be used as a stepping point for further investigation of the nutritional implications and significance of trace elements in milk in the Australian diet." @default.
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• W9365104 date "1997-10-01" @default.
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• W9365104 title "Determination of selenium and other trace elements in Australian cow's milk: Analytical techniques, likely sources and significance" @default.
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