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• W93674496 abstract "Since 1975, the Jefferson County Public School system (JCPS) in Louisville, Kentucky, has operated in compliance with a desegregation decree imposed by Haycroft v. Board of Education of Jefferson County, Nos. 7045 & 7291.' The purpose of the decree was to integrate the school system and eradicate the stigma of segregation. School desegregation orders stem from the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution, which states that state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The Supreme Court decided that separate was not equal in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.2 There, it stated that separate education facilities for different races are inherently unequal and that federal courts should employ their equitable powers to eliminate from the public schools all vestiges of state-imposed segregation. Desegregation decrees are the equitable remedy that resulted. Recently, however, the validity of continuing under desegregation decrees has begun to be questioned. I. Louisville Central High School Magnet Career Academy: Days of the Decree In the 1990s, Louisville Central High School Magnet Career Academy became the center of debate for its admission policies based on the decree. Central is one of very few high schools in Jefferson County, Kentucky, with no geographical attendance base; therefore all of its students apply for and participate in one of its four magnet programs. For the 1999 school year, Central's racial composition was 50% African-American, and enrollment was about 300 or 400 students below capacity.' Under the decree, the school could not enroll more than 50% African-Americans. As long as the school remained under that figure, its race-based admissions policy was shielded from normal constitutional scrutiny.4 It was the school system's policy to not admit any African-American students over the 50% mark, unless it also attracted an equal number of nonAfrican-Americans. This policy was adopted in order to keep enrollment within the racial guidelines set by the decree. II. The Constitutionality of the Decree is Questioned During the 1999-2000 school year, as in preceding years, JCPS turned many African-American applicants away from Central solely on the basis of their race., This consistent action became a concern to African-American parents and students causing them to protest Central's admission policies on the basis that the policies were discriminatory and therefore unconstitutional. Ultimately, this protest resulted in a court action requesting that the decree be dissolved. JCPS, however, battled to keep the decree alive. III. The Decree Has Its Day in Court In Board of Education of Oklahoma City Public Schools v. Dowell,6 the Supreme Court has defined a standard for dissolving desegregation decrees based on the following two requirements: 1) good faith compliance with the decree, which focuses on behavior and process; and 2) elimination of the vestiges of segregation to the extent practicable, which focuses on the outcome or result. Good faith is measured by board attitudes, decisions, and declarations of policy.7 The Constitution requires devotion to nondiscriminatory policies. school board must demonstrate to the public, and to the parents and students of the once disfavored race, its good-faith commitment to the court's decree and to those provisions of law and the Constitution that were the predicate for judicial intervention in the first place., Parties seeking dissolution bear the burden of proving compliance and good faith.9 A vestige of segregation by law is a current or latent racial imbalance that is traceable, in a proximate way, to the prior violation of the Fourteenth Amendment; if an unlawful de jure policy of a school system has been the cause of racial imbalance in student attendance, the condition must be remedied.10 Racial imbalances may be assessed by the following six factors known as the Green factors: faculty assignment, staff assignment, student assignment, transportation, extracurricular activities, and facilities. …" @default.
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• W93674496 date "2001-01-01" @default.
• W93674496 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W93674496 title "Hampton V. Jefferson County Board of Education: Dissolution of a Desegregation Decree and a Possibility of Resegregation" @default.
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