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- W937893169 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the geochemistry and origin of natural heavy–oil deposits. Petroleum in its subsurface environment is susceptible to two principal alteration mechanisms. One, identified as the maturation process, involves thermal transformations. The other, known as the degradation process, involves chemical changes brought about by bacterial activity and water washing. Maturation results in an increase in saturate hydrocarbon and gasoline contents, as well as a decrease in the nonhydrocarbon content. Biodegradation produces an opposite effect; saturate hydrocarbon (especially n–paraffins) and gasoline contents are diminished, whereas the NSO content (especially asphaltenes) increases. A prominent characteristic of heavy oils is their very high viscosity or immobility that prevents them from being recovered by the conventional production methods used to produce the more fluid (medium to high API gravity) oils encountered at greater depths. However, petroleum viscosity is a function of its composition. Other heavy-oil deposits, popularly known as asphaltic deposits, can be formed by nondegradative processes. Asphaltic deposits are not as extensive as the biodegraded-oil deposits. One reason for this is that the former are derived from a relatively small fraction of the oil, whereas biodegradation attacks and gradually alters the entire body of pooled petroleum." @default.
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- W937893169 date "1978-01-01" @default.
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- W937893169 title "Chapter 2 Geochemistry and Origin of Natural Heavy-Oil Deposits" @default.
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- W937893169 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7361(08)70061-x" @default.
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