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• W93816354 abstract "AbstractMoral courage Involves the willingness to speak out and do that which Is right In the face of forces that would lead a person to act in some other way. In this article the author discusses the CODE acronym she has created to help nurses remember key components for actualizing moral courage. After introducing the virtue of moral courage, the author presents strategies to operatlonallze moral courage, organizing the discussion around the CODE acronym. C represents the courage (moral courage), the willingness to overcome fear and stand up for core values. The O reminds nurses of their obligation to adhere to the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses, which delineates nurses' ethical responsibilities in a variety of circumstances. The D is for danger management, with a focus on developing cognitive strategies and overcoming risk aversion. Because moral courage Is essentially an act, the E reflects the expression and action component. Assertiveness and negotiation strategies are presented along with clinical examples.Citation: Lachman, V.D., (Sept 30, 2010) Strategies Necessary for Moral Courage OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Vol. 15, No. 3, Manuscript 3.DOI: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol15No03Man03Keywords: moral courage, virtue ethics, code of ethics, moral Integrity, professional obligations, cognitive reframing, self-soothing, risk taking, risk tolerance, risk aversion, assertiveness, negotiation, ethical competence, CODEThe world is a dangerous place, not because of those who do evil, but because of those who look on and do nothing (Einstein, n.d.).Nurses who speak out against unethical, unlawful, or outdated practices demonstrate moral courage. Florence Nightingale used her talents, education, and political connections to crusade for healthcare reform. Nightingale's letters portray her as a 'strong-minded meddler' who didn't hesitate to 'go above' the physicians she worked with. Nightingale understood that patient safety requires moral courage; she spoke out repeatedly to protect patients. This spirit is still needed in nursing today INiahtinaale strength still needed today. 2007).I have created an acronym, CODE, to help nurses remember the key components of moral courage (see Figure 1). This acronym was chosen for two reasons. First, the word Code in healthcare signifies an urgent need to respond (act) in situations that may involve danger. Secondly, the word Code reminds nurses of their moral obligations outlined in the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses (2001).The C in the acronym stands for the virtue of courage. The O represents nurses' ethical obligations. D stands for danger management, including cognitive strategies for the emotional control necessary for moral courage and overcoming risk aversion. Finally, the E speaks to expression and action through the use of assertiveness and negotiation skills. These behaviors enable nurses to recognize their fears but not allow these fears to keep them from serving as an advocate for their patients. Each of these four components of the CODE acronym will be discussed in turn.C for the Virtue of Moral CourageCourage is one of the four fundamental virtues in the enduring tradition of moral character as identified by Plato (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 20071. Figure 2 contains the definition of moral character and other ethical terms used in this article. The other three fundamental virtues are temperance, justice, and wisdom. Moral courage is the ability to deal with the dilemmas inherent between these four virtues, along with an ability to endure distress, and the ability to overcome fear and stand up for one's values.As far back as 350 BCE, Aristotle discussed the concepts of courage and practical wisdom. Aristotle (350 BCE/1998) believed that the virtue of courage was the balance (mean) between extremes of cowardice and rashness. …" @default.
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• W93816354 title "Strategies Necessary for Moral Courage" @default.
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