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• W94322486 abstract "For this paper, the terms Native American and American Indian are used interchangeably, as their usage is often a matter of preference (Horse, 2005). Native American students face many at-risk factors that are related to high school dropout rates. These factors can be barriers to success in school and in future success after high school--college, careers, and life activities. Many high schools struggle to identify and address issues related to student dropout rates. This is especially true for at-risk youth. Resiliency of students may be a characteristic related to student success in schools (Davey, Eaker, & Waiters, 2003; Ungar, 2004). Resiliency Resiliency has an assortment of definitions that relate to individuals' responses to adverse conditions. Resiliency is the ability to cope with stress; a positive capacity of an individual to responds under pressure. Most studies of resiliency suggest that it is a dynamic process that enables the individual to respond or adapt under adverse conditions. These conditions could include social, emotional, economic, or personal aspects. Research tends to associate resiliency with positive outcomes independent of at-risk status, competent responses under adverse conditions, and recovery after trauma. In theory, resilient youth successfully adapt to the school environment independent or in spite of poverty, family factors, and/or social issues. The challenge facing schools is how to facilitate resiliency in youth. Educators and other stakeholders are working to facilitate success of youth at all levels; however, success in school is a marker for future success, which is especially important for at-risk youth. Common definitions of at-risk youth are associated with poverty, social economic status, and traumatic events. Resilient youth respond to such events or conditions in a proactive fashion. From an applied approach, resiliency is not a fixed characteristic of selected youth, but a form of a protection mechanism that shapes responses to potentially negative situations (Garmezy, 1991 a, 1991b; Rutter, 1987). Resiliency can be facilitated by educators and the school system in general. The interactions between resiliency and school success can provide a structural basis for planned interventions for students who are struggling in school. Often, the strains placed upon at-risk students make it difficult for them to advance through the educational pipelines. It is well-known that, without the proper support, students become overwhelmed, lose motivation, and ultimately give up on school. This phenomenon can be combated through the perseverance of key stakeholders--school, family, and community--as well as through the development of personal self-worth. For example, stakeholders can create a comfortable environment that fosters academic success and facilitates student resiliency. Resiliency is a characteristic that can be developed. Condly (2006) stated that if a child grows up in a poor, violence ridden neighborhood and lives in a broken, dysfunctional family and yet manages to thrive, that child is labeled resilient [original emphasis] (p. 221). Further, this author stated that it is important to think of resilience in continuous terms because resiliency can be learned and improved. Also, Arrington and Wilson (2000) noted that resiliency is the exhibition of competence despite adversity (p. 222). Although there are unique definitions of resiliency, there is no single definition for resiliency because of its complex, multidimensional nature. Still, with the definitions above, the commonly used framework by Garmezy (1991a, 1991b) identified three parts to resiliency that affect the resilient nature of students. This author found that the first factor was directed toward the individual, such as elements of intelligence and temperament. The second factor focused on the family and family support. And as the third factor, it was noted that external supports also have a critical role in resiliency. …" @default.
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• W94322486 date "2010-12-22" @default.
• W94322486 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W94322486 title "Promoting Resiliency among Native American Students to Prevent Dropouts." @default.
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