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• W95023897 abstract "Bottlenose dolphins exhibit a range of foraging strategies and dynamic social systems. The large population of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, encounters a diverse range of habitats. This situation offered an opportunity to investigate if and how fine-scale habitat variation and behavioural plasticity influence population structuring through adaptive divergence in this mobile marine vertebrate. This thesis assessed fine-scale social, genetic and ecological population structuring among bottlenose dolphins in Moreton Bay. The results herein provide important information for the conservation and management of dolphins living in close proximity to major urban centres and experiencing intense anthropogenic pressures. In the 1990s, bottlenose dolphins in southern Moreton Bay were segregated into two social communities, based on their use (or lack thereof) of commercial prawn trawlers as a supplemental food source. I used comparative social association and network analyses to examine whether their social structure had changed in response to substantial reductions in trawling effort over the past decade. I compared sighting records of 42 individuals photographically-identified during systematic boat-based surveys in 2008-10 to previously collected data from 1997-99. The social network was more compact and connected in 2008-10 (e.g., mean association index increased from 0.09 to 0.16, P < 0.05) and the previous split into two communities had disappeared, with re-sighted members of former communities associating with each other. These findings suggest that dolphin social structure represents a complex adaptive system that may be resilient to some anthropogenic disturbances. I examined genetic population structure of bottlenose dolphins using 126 unique DNA samples extracted from skin tissue collected by remote biopsy sampling. Samples were genotyped at 20 nuclear microsatellite loci and sequenced for a 458-base-pair segment of the mitochondrial control region. Bayesian structure analysis identified two clusters of dolphins within Moreton Bay with some admixture between these (FST = 0.05, P = 0.001). Individuals strongly assigned to one cluster were only encountered in the near-shore and sandbank areas of the south-eastern bay while members of the other cluster were found in deeper, more open waters of the northern / central bay. Southern dolphins showed lower genetic variation (AR = 3.25, π = 0.003) and high mean pairwise relatedness (r = 0.24). In contrast, the northern cluster was more diverse (AR = 4.85, π = 0.009) and mixed with a group of dolphins outside the bay (microsatellite-based structure analysis) that appears to have been distinct historically from the bay dolphins (mtDNA ΦST = 0.272, P < 0.001). These findings indicate that bottlenose dolphins in Moreton Bay show fine-scale population structuring apparently related to habitat type. I used spatial modelling and chemical tracers to assess habitat and resource partitioning among the two genetically divergent sub-populations (clusters) of bottlenose dolphins. Spatial habitat modelling indicated that the northern sub-population was distributed in north-eastern and central Moreton Bay in significantly deeper water (mean depth: 11.4 m) than the South dolphins (6.0 m) (P < 0.001) which were found near sandbanks in south-eastern nearshore waters. Variation in ratios of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in skin samples suggested dietary partitioning between sub-populations, with North dolphins feeding on more pelagic, higher trophic level prey (significantly higher δ15N but lower δ13C), whilst South dolphins foraged on more coastal, demersal prey (lower δ15N, higher δ13C). Habitat partitioning was also reflected in higher blubber concentrations of most of the 13 measured trace elements, in particular lead, in South (mean ± s.d.: 0.84 ± 0.43 μg/g) compared to North dolphins (0.44 ± 0.29 μg/g; P < 0.01). Such differences in habitat and resource use demonstrate the behavioural and ecological plasticity of bottlenose dolphins and likely influence their genetic structure. Finally, I estimated population sizes of bottlenose dolphins in Moreton Bay using mark-recapture analysis of photographically-identified individuals, and effective population sizes using the linkage disequilibrium method based on nuclear genetic data. Open population mark-recapture models gave a total population size of 606 (545 – 667) dolphins in Moreton Bay. The southern sub-population was small at an estimated 201 (185 – 217) individuals, compared to the northern sub-population of between 446 (336 – 556) and 898 (445 – 1,351) dolphins. Effective population size was low for the southern sub-population (Ne = 48), highlighting the need for regular monitoring to assess trends in abundance. This study found substantial population structuring among inshore bottlenose dolphins in Moreton Bay into two genetically and socially differentiated sub-populations occupying different ecological niches. Structuring was influenced by anthropogenic activities, but showed some resilience to disturbance. The two sub-populations should be regarded as separate management units, according to their different resource requirements, with particular focus on the smaller southern sub-population that experiences increased impacts due to its nearshore distribution. The updated abundance estimates and knowledge of behavioural ecology provided here can inform management strategies to protect the genetic and ecological integrity and diversity of the sub-populations of bottlenose dolphins inhabiting Moreton Bay." @default.
• W95023897 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W95023897 creator A5029029736 @default.
• W95023897 date "2011-12-01" @default.
• W95023897 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W95023897 title "Fine-Scale Population Structure of Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops aduncus, in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia" @default.
• W95023897 hasPublicationYear "2011" @default.
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