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- W95200090 abstract "This chapter describes how the metal ions that are essential for living organisms are assimilated from their surroundings. The importance of metal assimilation for bacteria is perhaps best illustrated by the correlation between the efficacy of iron uptake systems and virulence in many strains of pathogenic bacteria. Most nutrients required by Gram-negative bacteria diffuse passively across the outer membrane into the periplasm through transmembrane channels composed of porins. Scarce metals such as iron and cobalt require active transport systems and simply cannot depend on a process of simple diffusion. Many pathogenic bacteria can also acquire iron from the haem of their mammalian hosts by secreting proteins called haemophores, which release haem from haemoglobin to specific transport proteins in the outer membrane. Few other pathogens can use iron bound to transferring and to lactoferrin. Because of their importance in many enzymes, bacteria have had to develop uptake systems for copper and zinc. In mammalian species metals first need to be assimilated from dietary sources in the intestinal tract and subsequently transported to the cells of the different organs of the body through the bloodstream. It focuses on the transport of metal ions across the enterocytes of the upper part of the small intestine where essentially the entire uptake of dietary constituents, whether they be metal ions, carbohydrates, fats, amino acids, vitamins, etc., takes place. The chapter briefly reviews the mechanisms by which metal ions are transported across the plasma membrane of mammalian cells and enter the cytoplasm." @default.
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- W95200090 date "2008-01-01" @default.
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- W95200090 title "Metal Assimilation Pathways" @default.
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- W95200090 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452740-0.50007-7" @default.
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