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- W95618077 abstract "When Albert Szent-Györgyi, almost half a century ago, described the cell as being more than a bag full of macromolecules, he referred to the functional role of every piece of the cellular inventory and the implications of their organization as being divided into specialized compartments. The membrane “bag” Szent-Györgyi was alluding to has since been shown to be one of the fundamental structural and functional elements which not only surrounds the cell, but also divides it into a whole variety of spatial substructures, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, lysosomes, etc. Membranes close off specific regions, thus allowing the separation of specialized tasks. The membranes are selective permeability barriers that cause regulated potentials involved in energy conversion, substrate or ion transport, and protein translocation. It is evident that the metabolism requires the spatial separation of the synchronous energy producing and consuming processes. In this context, membrane proteins take care of the necessary specificity by gating or blocking fluxes of charges or substrates (1). The degree of complexity becomes clear if we consider, for example, the visual cycle. Figure 1 shows that in the process of the light-induced interconversion of energy several membranes are involved in a single transduction process, and that cytoplasmic components play an essential role as mediators (2). As mentioned, the specificity depends on receptors, carriers, and enzymes. All three are membrane proteins characterized by differences in their state of association, as well as in their integration and orientation in the lipid phase." @default.
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- W95618077 date "1995-01-01" @default.
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- W95618077 title "Structural analysis of membrane proteins" @default.
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- W95618077 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9057-1_20" @default.
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