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- W958022617 abstract "Ciguatoxin (CTX) is the principal ichthyotoxin involved in a complex human food poisoning known as ciguatera, characterized mainly by neurological, gastrointestinal, and, in the most severe cases, cardiovascular disorders. At present, ciguatera constitutes one of the largest scale seafood toxicities associated with the consumption of many species of tropical and subtropical fishes. The examination of the feeding behavior of ciguatoxic fish reveals that despite the variety of feeding habits, all poisonous herbivorous and carnivorous fish acquire the toxicity from their diet and transfer it to other fish through the marine food chain and ultimately to humans. This chapter describes a method in which the effects of external application of CTX are studied under current-clamp and voltage-clamp conditions, according to the method of Nonner, on the nodal membrane of frog single isolated myelinated nerve fibers. Under voltage-clamp conditions, CTX modifies neither linear leakage and capacitative currents nor K+ currents but alters Na+ current. In the presence of the toxin, a fraction of the Na+ current fails to inactivate during long-lasting depolarization and is activated and reversed at membrane potentials about 30 mV more negative than CTX-unmodified or control Na+ current. Research on CTX has expanded significantly because of the identification of the benthic dinoflagellate responsible for toxin production. This discovery has been followed by the chemical characterization of CTX and some information on its actions at the cellular level. CTX is a unique and extremely potent substance that provides an important tool for research on sodium channels and sodium-dependent mechanisms." @default.
- W958022617 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W958022617 date "1992-01-01" @default.
- W958022617 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
- W958022617 title "Ciguatoxin: A Tool for Research on Sodium-Dependent Mechanisms" @default.
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- W958022617 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-185266-5.50016-6" @default.
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