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• W960482014 abstract "r. -Habitat relationships of breeding birds were examined in northwestern Colorado in pinyon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus osteosperma) woodland and in openings where most overstory trees had been knocked down by anchor chaining. Vegetation characteristics and physical habitat features were measured in 233 0.04-ha circular plots around singing males of 13 species of birds from 15 May to 15 July 1980. Thirteen-group discriminant function analysis ordinated bird species along three habitat dimensions described by (1) canopy height; (2) slope, shrub size, and shrub species diversity; and (3) percentage canopy cover, large tree density, distance from a habitat edge, litter cover, and green cover. Woodland, open-area, and intermediate edge species were clearly segregated along the first discriminant axis, and species' associations with shrubs, inclination, ground cover, and edges were revealed by the ordinations along the second and third discriminant axes. Two-group discriminant analyses comparing occupied and available plots identified additional and more specific habitat associations. For example, Hermit Thrushes (Catharus guttatus) were associated with mature forested habitats and forest interiors, Virginia's Warblers (Vermivora virginiae) favored steep, oak-covered draws, Rock Wrens (Salpinctes obsoletus) selected areas where percentage log cover and small tree density were high, and Dusky Flycatchers (Empidonax oberholseri) preferred shrubby slopes with scattered large trees near woodland edges. Received 28 Aug. 1986, accepted 15 Jan. 1987. Pinyon-juniper woodland is one of the most expansive plant communities in the U.S., occupying some 172,000 km2 of land (Clary 1975). It dominates much of the landscape in the Southwest, and in New Mexico it occupies 26% of the land surface (Pieper 1977). Because of its relatively low commercial value, vast areas have been converted to grazing lands, especially since 1950, by removing overstory trees. Chaining has been the most widely used conversion technique and involves dragging an 80200-m anchor chain (20-40 kg/link) between 2 bulldozers, which knocks down the trees (Aro 1975). Despite the expansiveness and rapid type-conversion of pinyon-juniper woodlands, these areas have been largely ignored by avian ecologists. Balda and Masters (1980) provided an overview of the ecology of the avifauna, and others have examined the effects of type-conversion on breeding birds (O'Meara et al. 198 1, Sedgwick and Ryder 1986). Limited information exists, however, on the habitat relationships of songbirds breeding in pinyon-juniper woodlands. This study identifies habitat asI National Ecology Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1300 Blue Spruce Dr., Fort Collins, Colorado 80524-2098." @default.
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• W960482014 title "Avian habitat relationships in pinyon-juniper woodland" @default.
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