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- W960685024 abstract "As the number of people visiting the subantarctic and Antarctic increases, so do incidencesof human-wiidiife interaction, in these regions, Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties conductand support scientific research, and commercial tourism is increasing dramatically. Atseveral locations, penguins can be exposed to considerable human activity, often duringcritical periods of breeding and moult. Consequently, there is a need for effective and timelymanagement of human-wiidiife interactions that reflect the high conservation values of theseareas.On subantarctic Macquarie island (54°30'S 158°57'E) breeding penguins commonlyexperience pedestrian visits from government expeditioners or commercial tourists. From2001 - 2005, a project was undertaken to investigate responses to pedestrian activity byKing Aptenodytes patagonicus, Gentoo Pygoscelis papua and Royal Eudyptes schlegelipenguins. The overall aim of the project was to produce management-oriented informationfor both government operations and commercial tourism on the island, and elsewhere inAntarctic and subantarctic.Experimental and observational studies were employed to quantify aspects of thephysiology, behaviour and reproductive success of the three penguin species when exposedto pedestrian activity. Experiments were designed to address the following key managementissues: 1) the efficacy of current minimum approach distance guidelines; 2) the effect ofvisitor group size; 3) the role of habituation; 4) the sensitivity of penguins during differentbreeding phases; and 5) inter-species variation in responses.Key results include: a) a single pedestrian visit to 5 m (the current minimum approachguideline) to incubating Royal penguins did not produce more than a minor or transitoryimpact on the birds, but did elicit a stronger response than either predator overflights orinteractions with aggressive conspecifics; b) guarding Gentoo penguin responses to human visitors increased in intensity with a larger visitor group size; c) Gentoo penguins exposed tofrequent, high levels of human activity appeared to have habituated to pedestrians, whileGentoos in areas of low human activity appeared sensitive to visitation, suggesting thathabituation and previous exposure to human activity need to be considered when managinghuman-penguin interactions; d) Royal penguins displayed elevated responses to visitationduring incubation and moult, compared to guard and creche, highlighting these breedingstages as more sensitive periods; and e) Gentoo penguins showed the strongest reaction tovisitation when compared to King and Royal penguins, demonstrating inter-speciesdifferences in sensitivity to the stimuli examined.By investigating how penguin responses to pedestrian activity vary, this project hasproduced valuable information for the management of human-penguin interactions onMacquarie Island, with application to other subantarctic and Antarctic locations." @default.
- W960685024 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W960685024 creator A5032458216 @default.
- W960685024 date "2005-01-01" @default.
- W960685024 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W960685024 title "Investigating the variation in penguin responses to pedestrian activity on subantarctic Macquarie Island" @default.
- W960685024 hasPublicationYear "2005" @default.
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